tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-77623515389278778552024-02-18T20:39:25.521-07:00ALMA MICROPHYSICAMarți Theory ABYSSUS ABYSSUM INVOCAT
String Theory has the potential to describe everything.
Even though it has not been proven true, like all Theoretical FIELDBanda in barbarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09573682791396956162noreply@blogger.comBlogger62125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7762351538927877855.post-88858699711703315622016-03-31T16:16:00.001-07:002016-03-31T16:25:41.073-07:00LIKE A GIANT CLUSTER OF UNIVERSES SOME BLOW UP AND SOME BLOW IN OR ARE MINGLING DOWN IS A SEXUAL COSMOLOGY I S'POSE<span style="font-size: x-large;">and old universes depleted of energy and matter</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">and antimatter</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">does that matter to doctor who? </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">who knows....</span>Banda in barbarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09573682791396956162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7762351538927877855.post-13531172333761549122016-03-31T09:19:00.001-07:002016-03-31T09:33:47.429-07:00WHEN THE SOMATORY OF ALL COEFFICIENTS OF CONTRACTION TENDS TO INFINITY YOU HAVE A PONTUAL UNIVERSE -the expansion of the universe started to accelerate recently (meaning a few billion ...BUT IS ONLY A PONTUAL MEMENTO MORI OF ALL UNIVERSES THE SOMATORY OF ALL EXPANSION IS BIGGER THAN ALL THEPONTUAL CONTRACTIONS IN THE FORM OF BLACK HOLES AND OTHER ASS HOLES DA GAMMA RAY ..... Homogeneity requires the proportionality coefficient to be only a function of time. <span style="font-size: x-large;">Expansion of the Universe
One of the main goals of cosmology is to figure out how the universe expands as a function of time.
1.1 Expansion and Conservation
To describe the evolution of the average universe, one needs only two kinds of equations:
1. The equation that relates the density and pressure of constituents of the universe (such as
baryons, cold dark matter, photons, neutrinos, dark energy) to the expansion of the universe,
and
2. The equation that describes the energy conservation of the constituents.
Consider a line connecting two arbitrary points in space (which is expanding), and call it L. As the
universe expands, L changes with time. As you will derive in homework using </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">General Relativity,
the equation of motion for L is given by </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">L¨(t) = −
4πG
3
L(t)
X
i
[ρi(t) + 3Pi(t)] , </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">(1.1)
where ρi(t) and Pi(t) are the energy and pressure of the ith component of the universe, respectively.
Here, note that the absolute value of L does not affect the equation of motion for L. Therefore,
one may define a dimensionless “scale factor,” a(t), such that L(t) ≡ a(t)x, where x is a timeindependent
separation called a “comoving” separation, which is in units of length. In cosmology,
1
we often encounter the Hubble expansion rate, H(t), which is defined by
H(t) ≡
a˙(t)
a(t)
. (1.2)
The dimension of this quantity is 1/(time). The age of the universe can be calculated from the
above definition of H, which gives H(t)dt = da/a. Now, if we know H as a function of a instead of
t, we obtain
t =
Z
da
aH(a)
. (1.3)
Another interpretation of H is found by writing L˙(t) = H(t)L(t), which tells us that H(t)
gives a relation between the distance, L, and the recession velocity, L˙
. For this reason, it is often
convenient to write H(t) in the following peculiar units:
H(t) = 100 h(t) km/s/Mpc,
where h is a dimensionless quantity. The current observations suggest that the present-day value
of h is h(ttoday) ≈ 0.7.∗
Dividing both sides of equation (1.1) by L and using L(t) = a(t)x, we find one of the key
equations connecting the energy density and pressure to the expansion of the universe:
a¨(t)
a(t)
= −
4πG
3
X
i
[ρi(t) + 3Pi(t)] (1.4)
As expected, positive energy density and positive pressure slow down the expansion of the universe.†
This equation cannot be solved unless we know how ρi and Pi depend on time. How ρi depends
on time is given by the energy conservation equation, while how Pi depends on time is usually given
by the equation of state relating Pi to ρi and other quantities.
As you will derive in homework, the energy conservation equation is given by
X
i
ρ˙i(t) + 3a˙(t)
a(t)
X
i
[ρi(t) + Pi(t)] = 0 (1.5)
Equation (1.5) is general and does not assume presence or absence of possible interactions between
different components. If we assume that each component is conserved separately, then we have
ρ˙i(t) + 3a˙(t)
a(t)
[ρi(t) + Pi(t)] = 0, (1.6)
∗The most precise value of h(ttoday) to date from the direct measurement using low-z supernovae and Cepheid
variable stars is h(ttoday) = 0.742 ± 0.036 (Riess, Macri, et al., ApJ, 699, 539 (2009)).
†
If we ignore the effect of pressure relative to that of the energy density (which is always a good approximation
for non-relativistic matter), and write ρ(t) in terms of the total mass enclosed with a radius L,
P
i
ρi(t) = 3M
4πL3 , then
equation (1.1) becomes
L¨ = −
GM
L2
,
which is the familiar Newtonian inverse-square law. Although one must not apply the Newtonian mechanics to
describe the evolution of space (because Newtonian mechanism assumes static space), this is a convenient way to
understand equations (1.1) and (1.4)for each of the ith component. Note that the second term contains the pressure, and thus how the
energy density evolves depends on the pressure.‡
Looking at equations (1.4) and (1.5), one might think that we cannot solve for a(t) unless we
have the equation of state giving Pi(t) as a function of ρi(t) etc. While in general that would
be true, for these equations a little mathematical trick lets us combine equations (1.4) and (1.5)
without knowing the evolution of P(t)!
First, rewrite equation (1.4) as
a¨(t)
a(t)
=
8πG
3
X
i
ρi(t) − 4πGX
i
[ρi(t) + Pi(t)] . (1.7)
Using equation (1.5) on the second term of the right hand side, we get
a¨(t)
a(t)
=
8πG
3
X
i
ρi(t) + 4πG
3
a(t)
a˙(t)
X
i
ρ˙i(t)
a˙(t)¨a(t) = 8πGa(t)˙a(t)
3
X
i
ρi(t) + 4πGa2
(t)
3
X
i
ρ˙i(t)
1
2
(˙a
2
)
· =
4πG(a
2
)
·
3
X
i
ρi(t) + 4πGa2
(t)
3
X
i
ρ˙i(t). (1.8)
As this has the form of A˙ = BC˙ + BC˙ = (BC)
·
, it is easy to integrate and obtain:
a˙
2
(t) = 8πGa2
(t)
3
X
i
ρi(t) − κ, (1.9)
where κ is an integration constant, which is in units of 1/(time)2
. (A negative sign is for a historical
reason.) Dividing both sides by a
2
(t), we finally arrive at the so-called Friedmann equation:
a˙
2
(t)
a
2(t)
=
8πG
3
X
i
ρi(t) −
κ
a
2(t)
. (1.10)
‡While it is a wrong explanation, it is useful to compare this equation to the first law of thermodynamics:
T dS = dU + P dV,
where T, S, U, and V are the temperature, entropy, internal energy, and volume, respectively. To a very good
accuracy, the entropy is conserved in the universe, dS = 0. The internal energy is U ∝ ρa3
and the volume is V ∝ a
3
,
and thus
d(ρa
3
) + P d(a
3
) = 0,
which gives
ρ˙ + 3a˙
a
(ρ + P) = 0.
This is a wrong explanation because it assumes that the pressure is doing work as a increases. However, in the
average universe, the pressure is the same everywhere, and thus there is no under-pressure region against which the
pressure can do work. Equation (1.5) must be derived using GR, which you will do in homework, but the above
thermodynamic argument is an amusing way to arrive at the same equation. Also, this gives us some confidence that
it is not crazy to think that the evolution of ρ depends on P.
3
A beauty of this equation is that it is easy to solve, once a time dependence of ρi(t) is known, which
is usually the case.
General Relativity tells us that the integration constant, κ, is equal to ±c
2/R2 where R is the
curvature radius of the universe (in units of length) and c the speed of light. When the geometry
of the universe is flat (as suggested by observations), R → ∞ (giving κ → 0), and thus one can
ignore this term. Since we have so much to learn, to save time we will not consider the curvature
of the universe throughout (most of) this lecture:
a˙
2
(t)
a
2(t)
=
8πG
3
X
i
ρi(t) (1.11)
1.2 Solutions of Friedmann Equation
In order to use solve equation (1.11) for a(t), one must know how ρi(t) depends on time.
To find solutions for a(t), let us first assume that the universe is dominated by one energy component
at a time, i.e.,
a˙
2
(t)
a
2(t)
=
8πG
3
X
i
ρi(t) ≈
8πG
3
ρi(t), (1.12)
and further assume that ρi depends on a(t) via a power-law:
ρi(t) ∝
1
a
ni (t)
. (1.13)
4
Finding the solution is straightforward:
a(t) ∝ t
2/ni
. (1.14)
This is usually an excellent approximation, except for the transition era where two energy components
are equally important. There are 3 important cases:
1. Radiation-dominated (RD) era. A radiation component (photons, massless neutrinos, or
any other massless particles) has a large pressure, PR = ρR/3,§ which gives ρR(t) ∝ 1/a4
(t),
or nR = 4. We thus obtain
aRD(t) ∝ t
1/2
. (1.15)
The expansion of the universe decelerates. With this solution, we can relate the age of the
universe to the Hubble expansion rate:
H(t) = a˙(t)
a(t)
=
1
2t
. (1.16)
2. Matter-dominated (MD) era. A matter component (baryons, cold dark matter, or any
other non-relativistic particles) has a negligible pressure compared to its energy density, PM
ρM, which gives ρM(t) ∝ 1/a3
(t), or nM = 3. We thus obtain
aMD(t) ∝ t
2/3
. (1.17)
§Again, a “wrong” derivation, but there is an intuitive way to get this result using the equation of state for
non-relativistic ideal gas (this is obviously a wrong derivation because we are about to apply non-relativistic equation
of state to relativistic gas!):
P = nkBT = ρ
kBT
hEi
,
where n is the number density, T the temperature of gas, kB the Boltzmann constant, and hEi the mean energy per
particle. For relativistic particles in thermal equilibrium, hEi ≈ 3kBT, which gives P ≈ ρ/3. Now, actually, it turns
out that the error we are making by using non-relativistic equation of state for relativistic gas cancels out precisely
the error we are making by using an approximate relation hEi ≈ 3kBT. This gives us the exact relation, P = ρ/3
for relativistic particles. More precisely, the equation of state for relativistic gas takes on the form P = (1 + )ρ
kBT
hEi
with hEi = 3(1 + )kBT, giving P = ρ/3. Here, ' 0.05 and −0.10 for Fermions and Bosons, respectively.
5
The expansion of the universe decelerates. With this solution, we can relate the age of the
universe to the Hubble expansion rate:
H(t) = a˙(t)
a(t)
=
2
3t
. (1.18)
3. Constant-energy-density-dominated (ΛD) era. A hypothetical energy component (let’s
call it Λ) whose energy density is a constant over time, nΛ = 0. In this case we cannot use
equation (1.14). Going back to equation (1.12) and setting ρΛ = constant, we get ˙a/a =
constant, whose solution is
aΛD(t) ∝ e
Ht
, (1.19)
where an integration constant, H, is the same as the Hubble expansion rate (which is a
constant for this model). The expansion of the universe accelerates, which must mean that,
according to the acceleration equation (1.4), the pressure of this energy component is negative.
The conservation equation (1.5) tells us that such a component indeed has an enormous
negative pressure given by
PΛ = −ρΛ. (1.20)
While this looks quite strange, we now know that something like this may actually exist
in our universe, as the current observations suggest that the present-day universe is indeed
accelerating.
6
1.3 Equation of State of “Dark Energy” and Density Parameters
The matter has PM ρM; the radiation has PR = ρR/3; and Λ has PΛ = −ρΛ. This motivates
our writing the equation of state of the ith component in the following simple form:
Pi = wiρi
. (1.21)
Here, wi
is called the “equation of state parameter,” and can depend on time (although it is usually
taken to be constant).
Why this form? It is important to keep in mind that there is no fundamental reason why we
should use this form. This form is often used either just for convenience, or simply for parametrizing
something we do not know. At the very least, this form is exact for radiation, wR = 1/3, and for
Λ, wΛ = −1. For matter, since wM 1, the exact value does not affect the results very much.
The equation of state parameter is almost exclusively used for parametrizing “dark energy,”
which is supposed to cause the observed acceleration of the universe. If we assume that w for dark
energy, wDE, is constant, then the current observations suggest that (Komatsu, et al., ApJS, 192,
18 (2011))
wDE = −0.98 ± 0.05 (68% CL). (1.22)
In other words, the energy density of dark energy is consistent with being a constant (wDE = wΛ =
−1).
Determining wDE with better accuracy may tell us something about the nature of dark energy,
especially if wDE 6= 1 is found with high statistical significance, as it would tell us that dark energy
is something dynamical (time-dependent).
Ignoring a potential interaction between dark energy and other components in the universe
(e.g., dark matter), the energy density of dark energy obeys (see equation (1.6))
ρ˙DE(t) + 3a˙(t)
a(t)
(1 + wDE) ρDE(t) = 0, (1.23)
whose solution is ρDE(t) ∝ [a(t)]−3(1+wDE)
. On the other hand, if we do not assume that wDE is a
constant, then the energy density of dark energy obeys
ρ˙DE(t) + 3a˙(t)
a(t)
[1 + wDE(t)] ρDE(t) = 0, (1.24)
whose solution is
ρDE(t) ∝ e
−3
R
d ln a[1+wDE(a)]
. (1.25)
Putting these results together, we obtain the Friedmann equation for our Universe containing
radiation, matter, and dark energy (but not curvature) as
a˙
2
(t)
a
2(t)
= H2
(t) = 8πG
3
ρM(t0)
a
3
(t0)
a
3(t)
+ ρR(t0)
a
4
(t0)
a
4(t)
+ ρDE(t0)e
−3
R a(t)
a(t0)
d ln a[1+wDE(a)]
, (1.26)
where t0 is some epoch, which is usually taken to be the present epoch.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Equation of State of “Dark Energy” and Density Parameters
The matter has PM ρM; the radiation has PR = ρR/3; and Λ has PΛ = −ρΛ. This motivates
our writing the equation of state of the ith component in the following simple form:
Pi = wiρi
. (1.21)
Here, wi
is called the “equation of state parameter,” and can depend on time (although it is usually
taken to be constant).
Why this form? It is important to keep in mind that there is no fundamental reason why we
should use this form. This form is often used either just for convenience, or simply for parametrizing
something we do not know. At the very least, this form is exact for radiation, wR = 1/3, and for
Λ, wΛ = −1. For matter, since wM 1, the exact value does not affect the results very much.
The equation of state parameter is almost exclusively used for parametrizing “dark energy,”
which is supposed to cause the observed acceleration of the universe. If we assume that w for dark
energy, wDE, is constant, then the current observations suggest that (Komatsu, et al., ApJS, 192,
18 (2011))
wDE = −0.98 ± 0.05 (68% CL). (1.22)
In other words, the energy density of dark energy is consistent with being a constant (wDE = wΛ =
−1).
Determining wDE with better accuracy may tell us something about the nature of dark energy,
especially if wDE 6= 1 is found with high statistical significance, as it would tell us that dark energy
is something dynamical (time-dependent).
Ignoring a potential interaction between dark energy and other components in the universe
(e.g., dark matter), the energy density of dark energy obeys (see equation (1.6))
ρ˙DE(t) + 3a˙(t)
a(t)
(1 + wDE) ρDE(t) = 0, (1.23)
whose solution is ρDE(t) ∝ [a(t)]−3(1+wDE)
. On the other hand, if we do not assume that wDE is a
constant, then the energy density of dark energy obeys
ρ˙DE(t) + 3a˙(t)
a(t)
[1 + wDE(t)] ρDE(t) = 0, (1.24)
whose solution is
ρDE(t) ∝ e
−3
R
d ln a[1+wDE(a)]
. (1.25)
Putting these results together, we obtain the Friedmann equation for our Universe containing
radiation, matter, and dark energy (but not curvature) as
a˙
2
(t)
a
2(t)
= H2
(t) = 8πG
3
ρM(t0)
a
3
(t0)
a
3(t)
+ ρR(t0)
a
4
(t0)
a
4(t)
+ ρDE(t0)e
−3
R a(t)
a(t0)
d ln a[1+wDE(a)]
, (1.26)
where t0 is some epoch, which is usually taken to be the present epoch.
7
Now, taking t → t0, we find the present-day expansion rate
H2
0 ≡ H2
(t0) = 8πG
3
[ρM(t0) + ρR(t0) + ρDE(t0)] ≡
8πG
3
ρc(t0), (1.27)
which has been determined to be H0 ≈ 70 km/s/Mpc. Here, ρc(t0) is the so-called “critical density”
of the universe, which is equal to the total energy density of the universe when the universe is flat.
The numerical value of the critical density is
ρc(t0) ≡
3H2
0
8πG = 2.775 × 1011 h
2 M Mpc−3
. (1.28)
The critical density provides a natural unit for the energy density of the universe, and thus it is
convenient to measure all the energy densities in units of ρc(t0). Defining the so-called density
parameters, Ωi
, as
Ωi ≡
ρi(t0)
ρc(t0)
, (1.29)
one can rewrite the Friedmann equation (1.26) in a compact form:
H2
(t)
H2
0
= ΩM
a
3
(t0)
a
3(t)
+ ΩR
a
4
(t0)
a
4(t)
+ ΩDEe
−3
R a(t)
a(t0)
d ln a[1+wDE(a)] (1.30)
Basically, most of the literature on cosmology (within the context of General Relativity) use this
equation as the starting point.¶ Taking z = 0, one finds that all the density parameters must sum
to unity: P
i Ωi = 1.
In summary, the Friedmann equation is a combination of two key equations: (1) the equation
describing how the universe decelerates/accelerates depending on the energy density and pressure of
the constituents, and (2) the equation describing the energy conservation of the constituents. Once
the Friedmann equation is given with the proper right hand side containing the energy densities of
the relevant constituents of the universe, we can find a(t) as a function of time easily.
¶An interesting possibility is that General Relativity may not be valid on cosmological scales. There are scenarios
in which the form of the Friedmann equation is modified. One widely-explored example is the so-called DvaliGabadadze-Porrati
(DGP) model (Dvali, Gabadadze & Porrati, Phys. Lett. B485, 208 (2000)). In this scenario, the
Friedmann equation is modified to:
H
2
(t) −
H(t)
rc
=
8πG
3
X
i
ρi(t),
where rc is some length scale below which General Relativity is restored. (For r rc, the potential is given by
−GN m/r where GN is the ordinary Newtonian gravitational constant. For r rc, the potential is modified to
−G5m/r2
and decays faster. G5 is the gravitational strength in the 5th dimension.) This model has attracted a huge
attention of the cosmology community, as it was shown that this modified Friedmann equation gives an accelerating
expansion without dark energy. Namely, even when the right hand side contains only matter, the solution for this
equation can still exhibit an accelerating expansion. As this is a quadratic equation for H(t), we can solve it and find
H(t) = 1
2
1
rc
±
r
1
r
2
c
+
32πG
3
ρM(t)
.
At late times when ρ(t) becomes negligible compared to the other term, one of the solutions is given by a(t) ∝ e
t/rc
,
i.e., an exponential, accelerated expansion.
8
At present, the radiation is totally negligible compared to matter, ΩR/ΩM ' 1/3250, and the
dark energy density is about 3 times as large as the matter density, ΩDE/ΩM ' 2.7 (with ΩM ' 0.27
and ΩDE ' 0.73).
1.4 Redshift
As the universe expands, the wavelength of light, λ, is stretched linearly:
λ(t) ∝ a(t), (1.31)
which implies that photons lose energy as E(t) ∝ 1/a(t).
This is something one can observe, by comparing, for example, the observed wavelength of a
hydrogen line to the rest-frame wavelength that we know from the laboratory experiment. We often
use the redshift, z, to quantify the stretching of the wavelength:
1 + z ≡
λ(t0)
λ(temitted)
. (1.32)
The present-day corresponds to z = 0.
Using equation (1.31), we can relate the observed redshift to the ratio of the scale factors:
1 + z =
a(t0)
a(temitted)
. (1.33)
Using this result in the Friedmann equation (1.30), we obtain the most-widely-used form of the
Friedmann equation:</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"> H2
(z)
H2
0
= ΩM(1 + z)
3 + ΩR(1 + z)
4 + ΩDEe
3
R z
0
d ln(1+z)[1+wDE(z)From this result, it follows that the best way to determine the equation of state of dark
energy is to measure H(z) over a wide range of z. If we can only measure the expansion
rates at z 1, then Taylor expansion of equation (1.34) with ΩR ΩM and ΩDE ' 1 − ΩM gives
H2
(z 1)
H2
0
≈ 1 + 3ΩMz + 3(1 + wDE)(1 − ΩM)z. (1.35)
As we know from observations that |1 + wDE| is small (of order 10−1 or less), the third term is
tiny compared to other terms, making it difficult to measure wDE. This is why we need to measure
H(z) over a wide redshift range</span>Banda in barbarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09573682791396956162noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7762351538927877855.post-53147518263842589362015-10-16T15:52:00.002-06:002015-10-16T16:05:41.624-06:00QUO VADIS CON TEXTUS POLITICUS AB OVUM VIPERA,,,DOS ESTADOS ANORMAIS FAKEFUCKIANUS EM QUE A NORMA É A INCERTEZA DE TAIS ESTADOS POLÍTICOS IN FAKEFUCK QUANTUM MECHANICS UMA PARTÍCULA DE PÓ ATÓMICO PROTON NEUTRON SOCATRON VASCON ETC PARA CADA UMA E TUTTI DELAS THERE ARE SEVERAL POSSIBLE WITH SS IN IT (OR ALLOWED BI THE NATIONAL-SOCIALIST PARTY) STATES OF TO BE OR NOT TO BE ...AND EVERY ATOMIC PARTICLE OR CON OR MORON OR VASCON CAN BE YES IT CAN BE IN SEVERAL OF THESE STATES OR EVEN IN ALL OF THEM SIMULTÂNEA MENTE ASSIS PODEM ESTAR NO GOVERNO E FORA DO GOVERNO E ATÉ JÁ ESTAREM GOVERNANDO-SE<span style="font-size: x-large;">COMO ALTERAR A NATUREZA ATÓMICA</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">DA POLÍTICA ECONÓMICA MUNDIAL</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">DESDE 1939 BOMBARDEOU-SE </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">ECONOMICAMENTE O DEUTÉRIO</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">COM NEUTRÕES ATÉ OBTER TRÍTIO</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">SUFICIENTE PARA CRIAR SÓIS</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">EFÉMEROS NA ECONOMIA TERRESTRE</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">TAL COMO A BANCA GLOBAL</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">O TRÍTIO É UM ISÓTOPO INSTÁVEL</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">QUE SE DESINTEGRA À MENOR CRISE</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">EMITINDO UM ELECTRÃO SOLITÁRIO</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">E UM ANTINEUTRINO</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">TRANSFORMANDO-SE NUM RELES GÁS </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">DE ENCHER BALÕES OU OUTRAS BOLHAS</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">ECONÓMICAS CHINESAS ASSIM O Helium 3</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">DEIXA DE TER AS PROPRIEDADES </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">FANTÁSTICAS QUE FAZEM DO TRÍTIO</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">UMA LUZ FULGURANTE NO FIM DE </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">QUALQUER TÚNEL ECONÓMICO</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">TAMBÉM SE OBTEM TRÍTIO </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">IRRADIANDO O LITIUM - 6 COM NEUTRÕES</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">TARTARUGÕES OU SLOW NEUTRONS </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">IN ANGLO-SEXON TANTRICUS </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">OS NEUTRÕES LENTOS SÃO CAPTURADOS</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">PELO Li- 6 ou Li meia-DÚZIA E </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">OBVIAMENTE ADMITO-O </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">DESINTEGRAM-SE COMO A BANCA </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">MUNDIAL </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">EM BONS H-3 ou tritium's </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">E EM MAUS ou MESMO MAU-MAUS</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Helium-3 </span>Banda in barbarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09573682791396956162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7762351538927877855.post-23594376795035625092015-09-29T17:49:00.001-06:002015-09-29T17:57:36.284-06:00SE A IGNORÂNCIA É INFINITA PORQUE É QUE EINSTEIN NÃO CONSEGUIU SER AINDA MAIS IGNORANTE? DEUS NÃO JOGA AOS DADOS QUÂNTICOS ? E SE DEUS FOR NEWTONIANO ? EXERCÍCIO DE IGNORÂNCIA PURA TENTANDO CHEGAR AO LIMITE DA DITA CUJA ....DA IGNORÂNCIA PORRA PARA O INFINITO E MAIS ALÉM ...DOS LIMITES DA IGNORÂNCIA ---PROSA RELATIVISTICA A CONSERVAR EM BIFES E BITOQUES ENROLADOS NA PRÓPRIA GORDURA ,,,FACTORES QUE INFLUENCIAM A EFICÁCIA DA IGNORÂNCIA E LIMITAM O SEU DESENVOLVIMENTO ...CONCENTRAÇÃO DO PRODUTO OU DO IGNORANTE TANTO FAZ SE É GORDÃO ESTÁ MAIS CONCENTRADO E LOGO MAIS LIMITADO NA SUA IGNORÂNCIA ...TEMPERATURA A QUE ESTÁ O IGNORANTE A 42º CELSIUS O IGNORANTE DEIXA DE SER FUNCIONAL DEVE MANTER-SE O IGNORANTE E A SUA TEMPERATURA INTERNA A 37º C ABAIXO E ACIMA DISSO O IGNORANTE FICA MUITO LIMITADO NA SUA EXPRESSÃO DA IGNORÂNCIA-----ACHO QUE TEM LIMITES SER IGNORANTE AO INFINITO CANSA BUÉ ..SE ESCREVE A IGNORÂNCIA AGRADECE O AUTO DE FÉ Gosto · Responder · há 2 minutos Ambrosius Catharinus Politus Ambrosius Catharinus Politus OU A SANTA INQUISIÇÃO SE HOUVESSE PINGO DE CIÊNCIA EM TI Ó TORQUEMADA CON SEGUIAS RESPONDER Ó CON COM TERMINAÇÃO EM ÁGORA Gosto · Responder · há cerca de um minuto Ambrosius Catharinus Politus Ambrosius Catharinus Politus EIN STEIN ESTAVA ERRADO FILHA ...Ambrosius Catharinus Politus Dina Nunes SE A IGNORÂNCIA HUMANA NÃO TIVESSE LIMITES CONSEGUIRIAS ESCREVER MAIS Ó SUA IGNORANTEDON'T LOOK A IGNORÂNCIA ESTÁ MESMO AÍ ATRÁS Gosto · Responder · 1 min Ambrosius Catharinus Politus Ambrosius Catharinus Politus SERÁ QUE PHODIAM BLOQUEAR A CIÊNCIA É QUE ESTOU A CHEGAR AOS LIMITES QUOD ERAT DEMONSTRANDUM A IGNORÂNCIA ESTÁ MUITO LIMITADA NEM QUE CHEGASSE AOS MIL ANOS CHEGAVA A INFINITAR ISTO .<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">a ciência queima tantos hereges </span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Será que o administrador da página</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> Isso é tudo muito bonito, mas </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">poderia bloquear </span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">o senhor Ambrosius Catharinus Politus ? </span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">A Ciência agradece!</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">A CIÊNCIA FAZ UMA MAMADA?</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">A GENTE AUTO-BLOQUEIA-SE JÁ</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">NÃO AINDA NÃO CHEGUEI AO LIMITE</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">SE CALHAR SOU DEUS</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">OU O ESPÍRITO SANTO</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">OU O GRUPO GES ENCARNADO</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">OU DESCARNADO</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.08px; widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">UMA MAMADA IGNORANTE DESSAS</span></span>Banda in barbarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09573682791396956162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7762351538927877855.post-14418198569940200602015-09-29T12:15:00.000-06:002015-09-29T12:15:21.357-06:00DON'T LOOK AT THE WORD TRAIN IN THE TRAIL OF WORDS ....DAS DIRECÇÕES VIRTUAIS NOS UNIVERSOS INEXISTENTES NÃO VÁS POR AÍ DIZEM-ME NENHUNS QUE SE VÃO ÀS DOCES O CAOS NO FAKEFUCK SURGE E DESAPARECE AO ABSERVADOR OU AO ABSURDADOR OU MESMO AO OBSERVADOR ABNORMAL VINDO DE LADOS ADVERSOS E DE DIREÇÕES CONTRÁRIAS E MUITAS VEZES MESMO APARTIDÁRIAS É UMA UCRONIA UTÓPICA O FAKELOOK ,,,LOOK AT THE TRAIL OF WORDS ...NUM UNIVERSO MULTIDIMENSIONAL INEXISTENTE COMO O FACELOOK OU O FAKEFUCK QUEM FICA EMBAIXO PODE SER MAIS IGUAL DO QUE O QUE FICA DESTE LADO OU DAQUELE LADO OU MESMO EM CIMA DO OUTRO LADO É UM NÃO LUGAR ATÍPICO ...DA MULTIDIMENSIONALIDADE NOS UNIVERSOS VIRTUALMENTE INEXISTENTES - ESTUDO Nº69 FEITO COM O APOIO DA FUNDAÇÃO DA UNIVERSIDADE DAS NODOAS DE SANGUE FRESCO - COMO É BOM DE NOTAR O FAXEBOOK APARENTEMENTE SURGE-NOS COM A ILUSÃO DE TER VÁRIOS LADOS NO UNIVERSO FAKEBOOKIANO HÁ OS DESTE LADO OS DAQUELE LADO, OS QUE FICAM POR CIMA E OS QUE FICAM POR BAIXO, OS QUE LEVEM NO VIEGAS POR VIA DA TAL LUZ NO FUNDO DO TÚNEL OU DO WORMHOLE OU DO ASSHOLE INTER-UNIVERSAL É TODO UM CONJUNTO DE DIMENSÕES FICTÍCIAS E ILUSÓRIAS QUE PARECEM APARECER E DESAPARECER AO OBSERVADOR DESATENTO VOTO LIVRE NESTE LADO DA PAPA NESTLÉ DO FAKEBOOK JÁ NAQUELE CANTO DOS LUSÍADAS VOTO PRESO COMO O SOCRATES JÁ NO LADO ONDE A MARGEM SUL COALESCE COM O NORTE MONÁRQUICO E LAZARENTO LEZÍRIALENTO VOTO NA ARQUITECTURA PAISAGISTA DOS TELLES DA ALBERGARIA OU NOS BARROS VERMELHOS DO PSD ALGARVIO FELIZMENTE NO FAKELOOK HÁ URNAS E VOTOS PARA TODOS OS DESGOSTOS Í O PAPA ANDAR EM DIGRESSÃO GLOBAL NUMA CRUZADA CONTRA O ESTADO ISLÂMICO QUE AVANÇA POR TODOS OS LADOS E CANTOS DO FAKELOOK TAL É A GRANDEZA DO FAKELOOK QUE FAZ DE ANÕES GIGANTES E QUE DAS GIGANTESCAS FRAUDES FINANCEIRAS FAZ MICROSCÓPICAS INFLAÇÕES E ATÉ DEFLAÇÕES VIRTUAIS E DE DÍVIDAS E DÚVIDAS COLOSSAIS GERA BITCOIN'S E BIT CON'S VIRTUAIS O ZÉ POVINHO ESTÁ FINO E FLUTUA EM TODAS AS INUNDAÇÕES QUE O VOTO LIVRE NOS TRÁS OU MESMO POR DETRÁS TAL É A VIRTUALIDADE DOS LADOS MULTIDIMENSIONAIS VON FACEFUCK <div class="_5pbx userContent" data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" id="js_4c" style="background-color: white; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.38; overflow: hidden; widows: 1;">
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">O ZÉ POVINHO EVOLUIU MUITO DESDE OS TEMPOS DE RAFAEL BORDALO FEZ UMA MUDANÇA DE SEXO, COM MAMAS A CONDIZER TIROU UM CURSO DE COMUNICAÇÃO SEXUAL E OUTRO DE ENRABAMENTO TÉCNICO NA CASA PIA E CONTINUA A ACREDITAR EM 50% DOS INQUÉRITOS REALIZADOS E EM 50% NO VOTO LIVRE NAS URNAS DE VAMPIROS VÁRIOS ALGUNS DIZEM CU ZÉ POVINHO TEM AMNÉSIA OUTROS DIZEM QUE ESTÁ XÉXÉ AOS 900 ANNUS HORRIBILIS OUTROS ACREDITAM QUE QUEM COM CANTIGAS PAPA TODOS OS DOCES OU AS DOCES PAPA TODO UM PAÍS ...</span></div>
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Banda in barbarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09573682791396956162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7762351538927877855.post-79209410251867353442015-09-18T12:12:00.001-06:002015-09-18T12:20:43.190-06:00DOS ANÁLOGOS DAS COUSAS VIVAS E MORTAS QUE PULULAM NUM MUNDO CHEIO DE QUIMERAS, NAS QUIMERAS QUE SE ENCHEM DE MUNDOS E FUNDOS A BEM DA NOÇÃO DA NAÇÃO DE QUIMERAS FEITA É TODO UM COLECTIVO DE QUIMERAS QUE SE APROPRIA DAS VIDAS DE OUTROS PARA CONTINUAREM SEMI-VIVAS NOS SEUS MUNDOS QUIMÉRICOS MAIS QUE VIRTUAIS ...DAS QUIMERAS BALOFAS QUE FOSSAM COMO PORCOS E ZURRAM COMO BURRAS E SÃO MONTADAS COMO MULAS. HÁ A IDEIA DE QUE TODAS AS QUIMERAS PODERÃO SER SALVAS DA EXTINÇÃO SE AS CONSERVARMOS EM JARDINS ZOOLÓGICOS VICTORIANOS E SE FOREM MONTADAS REGULARMENTE POR NEONAZIS ESTALINISTAS OU MESMO POR ESTALINISTAS POLPOTIANOS OU POR KIM IL SUNG'S DE SUNGA OU DE CUECAS SUJAS NAS CLOACAS CAPITALISTAS DE DENG XIAO PING MAS AS QUIMERAS TAL COMO AS MULAS NÃO SE REPRODUZEM , CRUZAMENTOS DE BESTAS MUITO BRUTAS DE ESPÉCIES IGNOTAS ESTÃO CONDENADAS À EXTINÇÃO POIS SE CÉSAR ERA UM FASCISTA LAMBE CUS E SE TODOS OS GREGOS ALMEJAM IR AO CU ÀS JUVENTUDES HITLERIANAS O CERTO É QUE SÓ ALUCINADOS PRODUZEM CHORRILHOS DE PALAVRAS DUM PASSADO QUE TERÁ POUCAS SOMBRAS NUM FUTURO DE QUIMERAS MORTAS<span style="font-size: x-large;">TODAS AS QUIMERAS MORTAS OU VIVAS</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">MARCHAM PARA O PASSADO</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">TAL É A NATUREZA QUIMÉRICA</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">DESSAS BRUTAS COUSAS</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">DE IGNOTOS BRUTUS FEITAS</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">ANCORADAS EM QUIMÉRICOS FUTUROS</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">MUITO POUCO PRESENTES</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">E PESSIMAMENTE PASSADOS</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">DOS CORNOS OU DOS PIORNOS </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">TANTO </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">FAZ </span></div>
Banda in barbarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09573682791396956162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7762351538927877855.post-35307575336674090242015-06-22T17:05:00.001-06:002015-09-18T12:15:52.315-06:00E A MORTE SAIU À RUA NUM DIA ASSIM OU SE CALHAR ASSAD E VINHA EM MANGAS DE CAMISA E SEM SAMARRA E COM UNS CALÇÕES QUE PARECIAM MESMO UM BIKINI DO ATÓMICO ATOL E A MORTE NEM SEQUER FALAVA SUECO SÓ FALAVA HOLANDÊS E MESMO ASSIM FALAVA MAL PRÓ CARAÇAS ERA UMA LÍNGUA MORTA QUE SE ASSOMAVA EM LÍNGUAS DE PROJECÇÕES SOLARES MUITO MAL PROJECTADAS ...O ESTADO ISLÂMICO A QUE CHEGÁMOS FALHOU REDONDAMENTE EM MESSEJANA ......20 JUNHO FALHA DE MESSEJANA 42º À SOMBRA E AO SOL DAVA PARA ESTRELAR OVOS e mexia mexia o horizontal e fugidio em ondas de calor até as perdizes já vinham cozidas e nenhum manel alegre desatou a chumbá-las alegremente ...a malta do regime estava a fazer a sesta e só caçava no sereno ...já em évora socrates continuava à sombra e refrescava-se com pornographia caseira dum von zeppelintra qualquer a thalassocracia já nã mexe como mexia ...tamém deve tar falhada...<span style="font-size: x-large;">A VIDA TAMBÉM SAI À RUA </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">MAS PARA CONTINUAR VIVA</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">ESCONDE-SE EM TODAS AS SOMBRAS</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">QUE O SOL LANÇA PARA A EXISTÊNCIA</span>Banda in barbarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09573682791396956162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7762351538927877855.post-56982834949923113362015-05-29T15:11:00.000-06:002015-05-29T15:11:10.267-06:00CRACKPOT'S IN ICE cracks in the ice near shore, the artist formely known as “flaw leads fresh prince ” become wider....Beaufort Sea polynyas open two weeks before 1975 – open water is good news for polar bears bad news for the waves that going to be cut down by the Zulu dawn ... <span style="font-size: x-large;">the <em><strong>Cape Bathurst polynya</strong></em>. Last year, there wasn’t an obvious polynya there until sometime in June JUNE JUIN 2014....... <strong>but in THE LAST 40 YEARS IN 1975, AND NEVER AFTER a patch of open water almost as large (or larger) as this year’s had developed by the end of May BY THE 28TH OF MAY ONLY 14 DAYS AFTER THIS SINGULARITY ON ICE BY WALT DISNEY SACRED IS THY NAME (Fig. 1 MICKEY MOUSE VERSUS GOOFY).</strong></span><br />
<div class="wp-caption alignnone" data-shortcode="caption" id="attachment_59913" style="width: 310px;">
<a href="https://polarbearscience.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/bathurst-polynya_1975-vs-2015_polarbearscience.jpg"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><img alt="Figure 1. Cape Bathurst polynya at 28 May 1975 (Smith and Rigby 1981: Fig. 14h), with the extent probably underestimated, and the polynya this year at 14 May (Canadian Ice Service). Click to enlarge." class="size-medium wp-image-59913" height="247" src="https://polarbearscience.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/bathurst-polynya_1975-vs-2015_polarbearscience.jpg?w=300&h=116" width="640" /></span></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><strong>Figure WE ARE NUMBER ONE ..........</strong>Cape Bathurst polynya at 28 May 1975 and the polynya this year at 14 May (Canadian Ice Service). <strong>Click to PUT IN MORE Large</strong>.</span></div>
</div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">According to the RIOT AGE THIS IS NOT THE MAY DAY NOT YET THE YETI DAY</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">BUT IS A MAYDAY LARGE ENOUGH </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">AND THIS BY ISIS IS ONLY ONE BY OSIRIS </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">IN MANY MANY MANY </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">DEFROSTED AREAS </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">HAVE A NICE SUMMERTIME </span><br />
<br />
<br />Banda in barbarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09573682791396956162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7762351538927877855.post-31831890772760302822015-05-17T17:27:00.002-06:002015-05-17T17:27:25.362-06:00THE BURNING TUNDRA IN APRIL ...Arctic sea ice extent for April 2015 averaged 14.0 million square kilometers (5.4 million square miles), the second lowest April ice extent in the satellite recordAir temperatures were higher than average over much of the Arctic Ocean. In the Antarctic, sea ice extent was the highest seen in April in the satellite record<span style="font-size: x-large;">April 2015 was marked by a fairly rapid decline during the first week
of the month, little change during the middle of the month, and then a
steep decline over the final week. Overall, extent decreased
862,000 square kilometers (333,000 square miles).</span>
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">April was marked by higher than average 925 hPa air temperatures (1
to 3 degrees Celsius or 2 to 5 degrees Fahrenheit) throughout the
Arctic, except for Greenland and the Canadian Archipelago where
temperatures were 1 to 3 degrees Celsius (2 to 5 degrees Fahrenheit)
below average. Temperatures were 6 to 8 degrees Celsius (11 to 14
degrees Fahrenheit) higher than average in the Kara Sea, linked
to unusually low sea level pressure over the North Atlantic. Associated
wind patterns also resulted in strong warming over the Eurasian Arctic.</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi8h_uJs8fZGNbDZSsfHVn5ao_5k3Z_vNgI3U8nNrCpIryQKQv-7AsUzieufjvP5De72XYUOrAosZLhgfI5R2rm7ontahrRTEIZ1FDHTiR-menRRVHUYZ_Sy2s5oZVQ43nVDlg3b9d5cw/s1600/N_stddev_timeseries.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi8h_uJs8fZGNbDZSsfHVn5ao_5k3Z_vNgI3U8nNrCpIryQKQv-7AsUzieufjvP5De72XYUOrAosZLhgfI5R2rm7ontahrRTEIZ1FDHTiR-menRRVHUYZ_Sy2s5oZVQ43nVDlg3b9d5cw/s1600/N_stddev_timeseries.png" /></a></div>
<br />
Banda in barbarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09573682791396956162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7762351538927877855.post-82733740511368251272015-05-04T20:13:00.001-06:002015-05-04T20:13:50.526-06:00 CROOKED ANSWERS. "I answered him, as I thought good, 'As many as red-herrings grow in the wood'." __________ . No x are y'. 2. No x exist. 3. Some x exist. 4. All x are y'. 5. Some x are y. i.e. Some good riddles are hard. 6. All x are y. i.e. All good riddles are hard. 7. No x exist. i.e. No riddles are good. 8. No x are y. i.e. No good riddles are hard. 9. Some x are y'. i.e. Some lobsters are unselfish. 10. No x are y. i.e. No lobsters are selfish. 11. All x are y'. i.e. All lobsters are unselfish. 12. Some x are y, and some are y'. i.e. Some lobsters are selfish, and some are unselfish. 13. All y' are x'. i.e. All invalids are unhappy. 14. Some y' exist. i.e. Some people are unhealthy. 15. Some y' are x, and some are x'. i.e. Some invalids are happy, and some are unhappy. 16. No y' exist. i.e. Nobody is unhealthy. 1. Elementary. 1. Whatever can be "attributed to", that is "said to belong to", a Thing, is called an 'Attribute'. For example, "baked", which can (frequently) be attributed to "Buns", and "beautiful", which can (seldom) be attributed to "Babies". 2. When they are the Names of two Things (for example, "these Pigs are fat Animals"), or of two Attributes (for example, "pink is light red"). 3. When one is the Name of a Thing, and the other the Name of an Attribute (for example, "these Pigs are pink"), since a Thing cannot actually BE an Attribute. 4. That the Substantive shall be supposed to be repeated at the end of the sentence (for example, "these Pigs are pink (Pigs)"). 5. A 'Proposition' is a sentence stating that some, or none, or all, of the Things belonging to a certain class, called the 'Subject', are also Things belonging to a certain other class, called the 'Predicate'. For example, "some new Cakes are not nice", that is (written in full) "some new Cakes are not nice Cakes"; where the class "new Cakes" is the Subject, and the class "not-nice Cakes" is the Predicate. 6. A Proposition, stating that SOME of the Things belonging to its Subject are so-and-so, is called 'Particular'. For example, "some new Cakes are nice", "some new Cakes are not nice." A Proposition, stating that NONE of the Things belonging to its Subject, or that ALL of them, are so-and-so, is called 'Universal'. For example, "no new Cakes are nice", "all new Cakes are not nice". 7. The Things in each compartment possess TWO Attributes, whose symbols will be found written on two of the EDGES of that compartment. 8. "One or more." 9. As a name of the class of Things to which the whole Diagram is assigned. 10. A Proposition containing two statements. For example, "some new Cakes are nice and some are not-nice." 11. When the whole class, thus divided, is "exhausted" among the sets into which it is divided, there being no member of it which does not belong to some one of them. For example, the class "new Cakes" is "exhaustively" divided into "nice" and "not-nice" since EVERY new Cake must be one or the other. 12. When a man cannot make up his mind which of two parties he will join, he is said to be "sitting on the fence"--not being able to decide on which side he will jump down. 13. "Some x are y" and "no x are y'". 14. A Proposition, whose Subject is a single Thing, is called 'Individual'. For example, "I am happy", "John is not at home". These are Universal Propositions, being the same as "all the I's that exist are happy", "ALL the Johns, that I am now considering, are not at home". 15. Propositions beginning with "some" or "all". 16. When they begin with "some" or "no". For example, "some abc are def" may be re-arranged as "some bf are acde", each being equivalent to "some abcdef exist". 17. Some tigers are fierce, No tigers are not-fierce. 18. Some hard-boiled eggs are unwholesome, No hard-boiled eggs are wholesome. 19. Some I's are happy, No I's are unhappy. 20. Some Johns are not at home, No Johns are at home. 21. The Things, in each compartment of the larger Diagram, possess THREE Attributes, whose symbols will be found written at three of the CORNERS of the compartment (except in the case of m', which is not actually inserted in the Diagram, but is SUPPOSED to stand at each of its four outer corners). 22. If the Universe of Things be divided with regard to three different Attributes; and if two Propositions be given, containing two different couples of these Attributes; and if from these we can prove a third Proposition, containing the two Attributes that have not yet occurred together; the given Propositions are called 'the Premisses', the third one 'the Conclusion', and the whole set 'a Syllogism'. For example, the Premisses might be "no m are x'" and "all m' are y"; and it might be possible to prove from them a Conclusion containing x and y. 23. If an Attribute occurs in both Premisses, the Term containing it is called 'the Middle Term'. For example, if the Premisses are "some m are x" and "no m are y'", the class of "m-Things" is 'the Middle Term.' If an Attribute occurs in one Premiss, and its contradictory in the other, the Terms containing them may be called 'the Middle Terms'. For example, if the Premisses are "no m are x'" and "all m' are y", the two classes of "m-Things" and "m'-Things" may be called 'the Middle Terms'. 24. Because they can be marked with CERTAINTY: whereas AFFIRMATIVE Propositions (that is, those that begin with "some" or "all") sometimes require us to place a red counter 'sitting on a fence'. 25. Because the only question we are concerned with is whether the Conclusion FOLLOWS LOGICALLY from the Premisses, so that, if THEY were true, IT also would be true. 26. By understanding a red counter to mean "this compartment CAN be occupied", and a grey one to mean "this compartment CANNOT be occupied" or "this compartment MUST be empty". 27. 'Fallacious Premisses' and 'Fallacious Conclusion'. 28. By finding, when we try to transfer marks from the larger Diagram to the smaller, that there is 'no information' for any of its four compartments. 29. By finding the correct Conclusion, and then observing that the Conclusion, offered to us, is neither identical with it nor a part of it. 30. When the offered Conclusion is PART of the correct Conclusion. In this case, we may call it a 'Defective Conclusion'. <span style="font-size: x-large;">Elementary.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
1. What is an 'Attribute'? Give examples.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
2. When is it good sense to put "is" or "are" between two names?
Give examples.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
3. When is it NOT good sense? Give examples.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
4. When it is NOT good sense, what is the simplest agreement to
make, in order to make good sense?
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
5. Explain 'Proposition', 'Term', 'Subject', and 'Predicate'.
Give examples.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
6. What are 'Particular' and 'Universal' Propositions? Give
examples.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
7. Give a rule for knowing, when we look at the smaller Diagram,
what Attributes belong to the things in each compartment.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
8. What does "some" mean in Logic? [See pp. 55, 6]
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
9. In what sense do we use the word 'Universe' in this Game?
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
10. What is a 'Double' Proposition? Give examples.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
11. When is a class of Things said to be 'exhaustively' divided?
Give examples.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
12. Explain the phrase "sitting on the fence."
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
13. What two partial Propositions make up, when taken together,
"all x are y"?
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
14. What are 'Individual' Propositions? Give examples.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
15. What kinds of Propositions imply, in this Game, the EXISTENCE
of their Subjects?
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
16. When a Proposition contains more than two Attributes, these
Attributes may in some cases be re-arranged, and shifted from one
Term to the other. In what cases may this be done? Give examples.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
__________
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<br />
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
Break up each of the following into two partial
Propositions:
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
17. All tigers are fierce.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
18. All hard-boiled eggs are unwholesome.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
19. I am happy.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
20. John is not at home.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
__________
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
[See pp. 56, 7]
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
21. Give a rule for knowing, when we look at the larger Diagram,
what Attributes belong to the Things contained in each compartment.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
22. Explain 'Premisses', 'Conclusion', and 'Syllogism'. Give
examples.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
23. Explain the phrases 'Middle Term' and 'Middle Terms'.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
24. In marking a pair of Premisses on the larger Diagram, why is
it best to mark NEGATIVE Propositions before AFFIRMATIVE ones?
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
25. Why is it of no consequence to us, as Logicians, whether the
Premisses are true or false?
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
26. How can we work Syllogisms in which we are told that "some x
are y" is to be understood to mean "the Attribute x, y are COMPATIBLE",
and "no x are y" to mean "the Attributes x, y are INCOMPATIBLE"?
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
27. What are the two kinds of 'Fallacies'?
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
28. How may we detect 'Fallacious Premisses'?
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
29. How may we detect a 'Fallacious Conclusion'?
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
30. Sometimes the Conclusion, offered to us, is not identical with
the correct Conclusion, and yet cannot be fairly called 'Fallacious'.
When does this happen? And what name may we give to such a
Conclusion?
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
[See pp. 57-59]
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<br />
<br />
<br />
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
2. Half of Smaller Diagram.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<br />
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
Propositions to be represented.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<br />
</span><pre><span style="font-size: x-large;"> -----------
| | |
| x |
| | |
--y-----y'-
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
__________
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
1. Some x are not-y.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
2. All x are not-y.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
3. Some x are y, and some are not-y.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
4. No x exist.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
5. Some x exist.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
6. No x are not-y.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
7. Some x are not-y, and some x exist.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
__________
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
Taking x="judges"; y="just";
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
8. No judges are just.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
9. Some judges are unjust.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
10. All judges are just.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
__________
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
Taking x="plums"; y="wholesome";
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
11. Some plums are wholesome.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
12. There are no wholesome plums.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
13. Plums are some of them wholesome, and some not.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
14. All plums are unwholesome.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
[See pp. 59, 60]
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><pre><span style="font-size: x-large;"> -----
| |
| x
| |
|--y--|
| |
| x'
| |
-----
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
__________
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
Taking y="diligent students"; x="successful";
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
15. No diligent students are unsuccessful.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
16. All diligent students are successful.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
17. No students are diligent.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
18. There are some diligent, but unsuccessful, students.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
19. Some students are diligent.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
[See pp. 60, 1]
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<br /><br /><br />
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
3. Half of Smaller Diagram.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<br /><br />
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
Symbols to be interpreted.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
__________
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<br />
</span><pre><span style="font-size: x-large;"> -----------
| | |
| x |
| | |
--y-----y'-
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
__________
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<br />
</span><pre><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ------- -------
| | | | | |
1. | | 0 | 2. | 0 | 0 |
| | | | | |
------- -------
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<br />
</span><pre><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ------- -------
| | | | | |
3. | - | 4. | 0 | 1 |
| | | | | |
------- -------
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
__________
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
Taking x="good riddles"; y="hard";
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<br />
</span><pre><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ------- -------
| | | | | |
5. | 1 | | 6. | 1 | 0 |
| | | | | |
------- -------
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><pre><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ------- -------
| | | | | |
7. | 0 | 0 | 8. | 0 | |
| | | | | |
------- -------
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
__________
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
[See pp. 61, 2]
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
Taking x="lobster"; y="selfish";
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><pre><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ------- -------
| | | | | |
9. | | 1 | 10. | 0 | |
| | | | | |
------- -------
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><pre><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ------- -------
| | | | | |
11. | 0 | 1 | 12. | 1 | 1 |
| | | | | |
------- -------
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
__________
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<br />
</span><pre><span style="font-size: x-large;"> -----
| |
x |
| |
|--y'-|
| |
x' |
| |
-----
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
Taking y="healthy people"; x="happy";
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><pre><span style="font-size: x-large;"> --- --- --- ---
| 0 | | | | 1 | | 0 |
13. |---| 14. |-1-| 15. |---| 16. |---|
| 1 | | | | 1 | | |
--- --- --- ---
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
[See p. 62]
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<br /><br /><br />
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
4. Smaller Diagram.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<br /><br />
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
Propositions to be represented.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><pre><span style="font-size: x-large;"> -----------
| | |
| x |
|--y--|--y'-|
| x' |
| | |
-----------
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
__________
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<br />
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
1. All y are x.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
2. Some y are not-x.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
3. No not-x are not-y.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
4. Some x are not-y.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
5. Some not-y are x.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
6. No not-x are y.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
7. Some not-x are not-y.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
8. All not-x are not-y.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
9. Some not-y exist.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
10. No not-x exist.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
11. Some y are x, and some are not-x.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
12. All x are y, and all not-y are not-x.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<br />
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
[See pp. 62, 3]
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
Taking "nations" as Universe; x="civilised";
y="warlike";
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
13. No uncivilised nation is warlike.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
14. All unwarlike nations are uncivilised.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
15. Some nations are unwarlike.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
16. All warlike nations are civilised, and all civilised nations
are warlike.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
17. No nation is uncivilised.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
__________
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
Taking "crocodiles" as Universe; x="hungry"; and
y="amiable";
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
18. All hungry crocodiles are unamiable.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
19. No crocodiles are amiable when hungry.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
20. Some crocodiles, when not hungry, are amiable; but some
are not.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
21. No crocodiles are amiable, and some are hungry.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
22. All crocodiles, when not hungry, are amiable; and all
unamiable crocodiles are hungry.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
23. Some hungry crocodiles are amiable, and some that are
not hungry are unamiable.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
[See pp. 63, 4]
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<br /><br /><br />
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
5. Smaller Diagram.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<br /><br />
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
Symbols to be interpreted.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
__________
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<br />
</span><pre><span style="font-size: x-large;"> -----------
| | |
| x |
|--y--|--y'-|
| x' |
| | |
-----------
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
__________</span>
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<br />
</span><pre><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ------- -------
| | | | | |
1. |---|---| 2. |---|---|
| 1 | | | | 0 |
------- -------
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><pre><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ------- -------
| | 1 | | | |
3. |---|---| 4. |---|---|
| | 0 | | 0 | 0 |
------- -------
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
__________
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
Taking "houses" as Universe; x="built of brick"; and
y="two-storied"; interpret
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><pre><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ------- -------
| 0 | | | | |
5. |---|---| 6. |---|---|
| 0 | | | - |
------- ---|---
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><pre><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ------- -------
| | 0 | | | |
7. |---|---| 8. |---|---|
| | | | 0 | 1 |
------- -------
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
[See p. 65]
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
Taking "boys" as Universe; x="fat"; and y="active";
interpret
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><pre><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ------- -------
| 1 | 1 | | | 0 |
9. |---|---| 10. |---|---|
| | | | | 1 |
------- -------
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><pre><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ------- -------
| 0 | 1 | | 1 | |
11. |---|---| 12. |---|---|
| | 0 | | 0 | 1 |
------- -------
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
__________
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
Taking "cats" as Universe; x="green-eyed"; and
y="good-tempered"; interpret
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><pre><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ------- -------
| 0 | 0 | | | 1 |
13. |---|---| 14. |---|---|
| | 0 | | 1 | |
------- -------
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><pre><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ------- -------
| 1 | | | 0 | 1 |
15. |---|---| 16. |---|---|
| | 0 | | 1 | 0 |
------- -------
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
[See pp. 65, 6]
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<br /><br /><br />
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
6. Larger Diagram.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<br /><br />
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
Propositions to be represented.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
__________
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<br />
</span><pre><span style="font-size: x-large;"> -----------
| | |
| --x-- |
| | | | |
|--y--m--y'-|
| | | | |
| --x'- |
| | |
-----------
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
__________
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<br />
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
1. No x are m.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
2. Some y are m'.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
3. All m are x'.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
4. No m' are y'.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
5. No m are x; All y are m.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
6. Some x are m; No y are m.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
7. All m are x'; No m are y.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
8. No x' are m; No y' are m'.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
[See pp. 67,8]
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
Taking "rabbits" as Universe; m="greedy"; x="old"; and
y="black"; represent
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
9. No old rabbits are greedy.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
10. Some not-greedy rabbits are black.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
11. All white rabbits are free from greediness.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
12. All greedy rabbits are young.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
13. No old rabbits are greedy; All black rabbits are greedy.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
14. All rabbits, that are not greedy, are black; No old
rabbits are free from greediness.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
__________
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
Taking "birds" as Universe; m="that sing loud"; x="well-fed";
and y="happy"; represent
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
15. All well-fed birds sing loud; No birds, that sing loud,
are unhappy.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
16. All birds, that do not sing loud, are unhappy; No well-fed
birds fail to sing loud.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
__________
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
Taking "persons" as Universe; m="in the house"; x="John";
and y="having a tooth-ache"; represent
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
17. John is in the house; Everybody in the house is suffering
from tooth-ache.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
18. There is no one in the house but John; Nobody, out of
the house, has a tooth-ache.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
__________
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
[See pp. 68-70]
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
Taking "persons" as Universe; m="I"; x="that has taken a
walk"; y="that feels better"; represent
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
19. I have been out for a walk; I feel much better.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
__________
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
Choosing your own 'Universe' &c., represent
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
20. I sent him to bring me a kitten; He brought me a kettle
by mistake.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<br />
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
[See pp. 70, 1]
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<br />
<br />
<br />
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
7. Both Diagrams to be employed.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
__________
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<br />
</span><pre><span style="font-size: x-large;"> -----------
| | | -----------
| --x-- | | | |
| | | | | | x |
|--y--m--y'-| |--y--|--y'-|
| | | | | | x' |
| --x'- | | | |
| | | -----------
-----------
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
__________
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<br />
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
N.B. In each Question, a small Diagram should be drawn, for x and
y only, and marked in accordance with the given large Diagram: and
then as many Propositions as possible, for x and y, should be read
off from this small Diagram.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<br />
</span><pre><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ----------- -----------
|0 | | | | |
| --|-- | | --|-- |
| |0 | 0| | | |0 | 1| |
1. |--|--|--|--| 2. |--|--|--|--|
| |1 | | | | |0 | | |
| --|-- | | --|-- |
|0 | | | | |
----------- -----------
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
[See p. 72]
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><pre><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ----------- -----------
| | | | | 0|
| --|-- | | --|-- |
| |0 | 0| | | | | | |
3. |--|--|--|--| 4. |--|--|--|--|
| |1 | 0| | | |0 | | |
| --|-- | | --|-- |
| | | | | 0|
----------- -----------
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
__________
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<br />
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
Mark, in a large Diagram, the following pairs of Propositions from
the preceding Section: then mark a small Diagram in accordance with
it, &c.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><pre><span style="font-size: x-large;"> 5. No. 13. [see p. 49] 9. No. 17.
6. No. 14. 10. No. 18.
7. No. 15. 11. No. 19. [see p. 50]
8. No. 16. 12. No. 20.
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
__________
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
Mark, on a large Diagram, the following Pairs of Propositions: then
mark a small Diagram, &c. These are, in fact, Pairs of PREMISSES
for Syllogisms: and the results, read off from the small Diagram,
are the CONCLUSIONS.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
13. No exciting books suit feverish patients; Unexciting
books make one drowsy.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
14. Some, who deserve the fair, get their deserts; None
but the brave deserve the fair.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
15. No children are patient; No impatient person can sit
still.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
[See pp. 72-5]
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
16. All pigs are fat; No skeletons are fat.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
17. No monkeys are soldiers; All monkeys are mischievous.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
18. None of my cousins are just; No judges are unjust.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
19. Some days are rainy; Rainy days are tiresome.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
20. All medicine is nasty; Senna is a medicine.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
21. Some Jews are rich; All Patagonians are Gentiles.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
22. All teetotalers like sugar; No nightingale drinks wine.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
23. No muffins are wholesome; All buns are unwholesome.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
24. No fat creatures run well; Some greyhounds run well.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
25. All soldiers march; Some youths are not soldiers.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
26. Sugar is sweet; Salt is not sweet.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
27. Some eggs are hard-boiled; No eggs are uncrackable.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
28. There are no Jews in the house; There are no Gentiles
in the garden.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
[See pp. 75-82]
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
29. All battles are noisy; What makes no noise may escape
notice.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
30. No Jews are mad; All Rabbis are Jews.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
31. There are no fish that cannot swim; Some skates are
fish.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
32. All passionate people are unreasonable; Some orators
are passionate.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<br /><br /><br />
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
[See pp. 82-84]
</span>Banda in barbarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09573682791396956162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7762351538927877855.post-66261230748079980042015-04-06T14:24:00.000-06:002015-09-18T12:24:59.966-06:00GOING AMOK BY AMOC ......impact of AMOC on Arctic Sea Ice and Atmosphere Hea t Transport into the Arctic Rong Zhang, GFDL/NOAA, Princeton, NJ, USA, Rong.Zhang@Noaa.Gov The observed decline trend in September Arctic sea ice extent (SIE) since 1979 has often been attributed in large part to the increase in greenhouse gases . The observed decline trend and future projections of ice - f ree summer bring up the potential for trans - Arctic shipping in the near future . However , the detail mechanisms causing the low frequency variability of su mmer Arctic SIE is still unclear. T he most rapid observed decline actually occurred during the recent hiatus in global warming , and CMIP5 multi - model ensemble mean response to changes in radiative forcings exhibit much less decline trend in September Arcti c SIE, but stronger warming trend in global mean surface temperature than that observed during this hiatus period . In this study, it is shown that AMOC and the associated poleward Atlantic heat transport have played a significant role in the low frequency variability of summer Arctic SIE using the GFDL couple d climate model . At low frequency the March Barents Sea SIE anomaly is dominated by anti - correlated Atlantic inflow anomaly, thus is also significantly correlated with September Arctic SIE a nomaly. The observed March Barents Sea SIE has a very similar normalized decline trends as the observed September Arcti c SIE from 1979 to 2013, consistent with an increasing trend in Atlantic inflow and the multidecadal variability of AMOC implied by its f ingerprints over the same period . This study estimated that a positive trend in the Atlantic inflow have contributed a substantial portion o f the obser ved summer Arctic sea ice extent decline trend since 1979 . The results also provide a clue of why most CM IP underestimate the observed summer Arctic SIE decline in recent decades which might have been substantially affected by internal variability. If the AMOC and the associated Atlantic heat transport into the Arctic were to weaken in the near future, then t here would be a slowdown in the decline trend of September Arctic SIE, and we may not have ice - free Arctic summer that soon in a few decades. This plausible scenario with enormous social and economical impacts cannot be ignored. This study also shows that a t low frequency , changes in poleward atmosphere heat transport across the entire Arctic Circle are compensating to and dominated by AMOC induced Atlantic heat transport anomalies into the Arctic, hence a stronger AMOC and associated enhanced Atlantic hea t transport into the Arctic ocean leads to both reduced summer Arctic SIE and reduced poleward atmosphere heat transport into the Arctic. Most of the anomalous heat transported into the Arctic region by the Atlantic Ocean is released into the atmosphere, t hen transported southward out of the Arctic region by the anomalous atmosphere heat transport. Previous studies attribute the observed changes in the atmosphere circulation pattern and eddy heat transport in recent decades to the observed Arctic sea ice de cline. However, i f the recent observed Arctic sea ice decline since 1979 is also accompanied by strengthened AMOC and enhanced Atlantic Ocean heat transport into the Arctic Ocean, then changes in the atmosphere circulation pattern and eddy heat transport m ight have been dominated by the response to enhanced poleward Atlantic Ocean heat transport, not dominated by Arctic sea ice decline<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span id="comment-6a0133f03a1e37970b01b8d0fbcb54970c-content"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>NEW PERMAFROST FEATURE –.<br />
DEEP CRATER IN CENTRAL YAMAL.<br />
(WEST SIBERIA, RUSSIA) AS A RESPONSE.<br />
TO LOCAL CLIMATE FLUCTUATIONS.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
POSITION 69 OR SO of the pdf.<br />
<a href="http://www.rgo.ru/sites/default/files/gi214_sverka.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.rgo.ru/sites/default/files/gi214_sverka.pdf</a></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"> It is established that permafrost prevents<br />the migration of methane from deep-seated<br />hydrocarbon collectors into the upper<br />permafrost and to the surface [Skorobogatov<br />et al, 1998; Rivkina et al, 2006]. Concentration<br />of methane in frozen Quaternary deposits<br />in the Arctic depends on the age, origin<br />and lithology of the permafrost. The gas<br />and gas-hydrate accumulations are localized<br />in the organic-rich horizons [Rivkina and<br />Gilichinsky, 1996; Rivkina et al., 2006].<br />The authors’ main hypothesis for the crater’s<br />formation involves the decay of relict gashydrate<br />inclusions, the release of gas out of<br />initially frozen deposits enclosing cryopegs<br />and tabular ground ice. This assumption<br />is based on the known cryolithology and<br />69 ENVIRONMENT<br />geochemistry of permafrost in the region,<br />with most of the studies performed in<br />the Bovanenkovo gas field investigations<br />[Streletskaya and Leibman, 2003]. The<br />Bovanenkovo studies revealed substantial<br />gas concentrations [Chuvilin, 2007; Yakushev,<br />2009], which are blocked by the permafrost<br />[Rivkina et al., 2006; Gilichinsky et al., 1997].<br />The possibility of the release of the gas<br />from the collectors near the surface is<br />shown by methane and hydrogen sulfide<br />effusion under the Barents and Kara seas<br />from 70 to 130 m beneath the sea floor<br />[Rokos, 2009]. Boreholes at Bovanenkovo gas<br />field [Chuvilin, 2007] revealed various gas<br />manifestations, such as emission out of the<br />borehole and high content in the samples,<br />in the depth interval 20 to 130 m. Most of<br />the gas was contained in ice-bearing clays<br />[Yakushev, 2009]. These clays also enclosed<br />tabular ground ice, cryopegs and some voids<br />filled with low-density ice. The maximum gas<br />emission was 14,000 m3/day [Bondarev et<br />al., 2008]. F. Are (1998) also suggests that gas<br />accumulates in voids within the permafrost.<br />Studies of gas bubbles in tabular ground<br />ice of the Kara sea region have shown<br />concentrations of methane exceeding that<br />of the atmosphere by an order of magnitude<br />[Lein et al., 2003; Leibman et al., 2003;<br />Streletskaya et al., 2014; Vanshtein et al.,<br />2003]. Analysis of δC13(CH4) in the upper<br />layers of permafrost in Bovanenkovo area<br />returns results around – 70 ‰, indicating<br />a biochemical origin of this gas in organic<br />matter in the permafrost. [Bondarev et al.,<br />2008]. The isotopic composition is within the<br />same range as in tabular ground ice bubbles<br />[Lein et al., 2003; Vanshtein et al., 2003;<br />Cardyn et al., 2007; Streletskaya et al., 2014].<br />Methane concentration in modern marine<br />sediments may exceed 1 ml/l in the Arctic<br />seas, [Mironyuk and Otto, 2014] while even<br />more than 0.1 ml/l is considered a high<br />concentration [Hovland et al., 2002]. The<br />methane concentration measured in the<br />frozen deposits of coastal exposures on the<br />Yamal can reach 1.7 ml/kg and in tabular<br />ground ice even more, as much as 2.2 ml/kg<br />[Streletskaya et al., 2014].<br />The release of this gas could be triggered<br />by changes in ground temperature.<br />Ground temperature changes result from<br />fluctuations in both air temperature and<br />snow accumulation. Warmer air can trigger<br />the rapid changes on the surface, thaw<br />ground ice bodies and create thermal<br />denudation landforms (thermocirques)<br />and thermokarst lakes. Probably, the new<br />features found in 2014 result from the same<br />rise of air temperature, but presenting a new<br />mechanism of formation: gas release in the<br />permafrost.<br />Thus the origin of the Yamal crater<br />hypothesized in this paper is based on the<br />analysis of (a) existing features resulting<br />from gas-release processes in the Kara sea<br />region as analogues of the observed onshore<br />landform, (b) climate fluctuations that<br />could have caused changes in thermal state<br />of permafrost, and (c) comparison to other<br />landforms connected to tabular ground<br />ice, the salinity of the deposits, and the<br />concentration of organic matter.<br />STUDY AREA<br />The central part of the Yamal Peninsula is<br />limited by the Yuribei River in the south<br />and the Nadui-Yakha River in the north,<br />including areas of active gas extraction and<br />transportation. The region is in the zone of<br />continuous permafrost at least 300 m thick,<br />with high tabular ground ice content. In<br />the 2000s, noTable fluctuations of various<br />climatic parameters have been observed<br />(Table 1).<br />The summer of 2012 and the preceding<br />winter of 2011–2012 were the warmest<br />since 2006 (Table 1). Summer precipitation<br />in 2012 was close to the maximum level for<br />this period, though precipitation during the<br />preceding winter was at a medium level.<br />The crater is located in the Tundra bioclimatic<br />zone, a subzone of typical tundra, about<br />70 ENVIRONMENT<br />17 km west of the Mordy-Yakha River and<br />about 11 km south of Halev-To Lake (69°58’N<br />and 68°22’E). Rolling hills with altitude up to<br />52 m have gentle slopes descending to small<br />ravines and lakes. The slopes are densely<br />vegetated by willow shrubs up to 1.5 m high.<br />Cryogenic landslides have disturbed the lake<br />shores (Fig. 1). The crater is located on a small<br />hill about 34 m above sea level.<br />The crater area is within the zone of<br />continuous permafrost. The average<br />ground temperature may be as low as –6<br />°С, and the active layer is up to 1 m deep.<br />The geological section is represented by<br />silty-clayey deposits, rich in ice and organic<br />matter, bearing several layers of tabular<br />ground ice several meters thick (Ananieva,<br />1997, Fig. 2).<br />Table 1. Main climatic controls of the thermal state of permafrost according<br />to weather station Marre-Sale records (http://rp5.ru/Bovanenkovsky<br />
<br />
<i>The date of<br />
the crater’s formation is estimated to have<br />
been in the late fall of 2013; (5) The high<br />
concentration of methane in the hole, which<br />
decreases in the vicinity of the hole and is<br />
negligible far from the hole, indicates the role<br />
of methane in the formation of the crater; </i></span>Banda in barbarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09573682791396956162noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7762351538927877855.post-52870578837209906082015-03-23T14:18:00.000-07:002015-03-23T14:18:57.119-07:00A RATHER ODD GROUP OF OLD NEWS - WHAT ABOUT THE PALEO DRAINAGE SYSTEM BEFORE MEN ROAMS THE OLDUVAI GORGE ...BY GEORGE ...<span style="font-size: x-large;"> Does not seem to have slowed down any. Click to animate.</span>
<br />
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://forum.arctic-sea-ice.net/index.php?action=dlattach;topic=154.0;attach=14774"><img align="middle" alt="*" src="https://forum.arctic-sea-ice.net/Themes/smf-curve1/images/icons/clip.gif" /> Mar17.gif</a>
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<div class="inner" id="msg_48127">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Lets not forget the facts, see what I read in the newspaper today:</span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<img alt="" height="700" src="https://forum.arctic-sea-ice.net/index.php?action=dlattach;topic=154.0;attach=14845;image" width="526" /><br />
<a href="https://forum.arctic-sea-ice.net/index.php?action=dlattach;topic=154.0;attach=14845"><img align="middle" alt="*" src="https://forum.arctic-sea-ice.net/Themes/smf-curve1/images/icons/clip.gif" /> jakobshavn canal.PNG</a>
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Here it is:<br /></div>
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<img alt="" id="thumb_14237" src="https://forum.arctic-sea-ice.net/index.php?action=dlattach;topic=154.0;attach=14238;image" /><br />
<a href="https://forum.arctic-sea-ice.net/index.php?action=dlattach;topic=154.0;attach=14237"><img align="middle" alt="*" src="https://forum.arctic-sea-ice.net/Themes/smf-curve1/images/icons/clip.gif" /> Landsat 2015-02-21-vs-sep28-2014.jpg</a>
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<blockquote>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Believe it or not! Massive calving seen at the southern branch of Jakobshavn Isbræ</span></blockquote>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">together with this animation created using images from the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager:</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a class="thickbox no_icon" href="http://greatwhitecon.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Jakobshavn-feb12-feb19-2015-2.gif" rel="gallery-1641" title="Jakobshavn-feb12-feb19-2015-2"><img alt="Jakobshavn-feb12-feb19-2015-2" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1643" height="654" src="http://greatwhitecon.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Jakobshavn-feb12-feb19-2015-2.gif" width="691" /></a></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">We’ve just grabbed this Sentinel-1A synthetic aperture radar image from February 15th 2015 <a href="http://www.polarview.aq/arctic" target="_blank">via Polarview</a>, which appears to suggest that the calving took place before 20:38 UTC on that date:</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a class="thickbox no_icon" href="http://greatwhitecon.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/S1A_Jakobshavn_20150215T203828.jpg" rel="gallery-1641" title="S1A_Jakobshavn_20150215T203828"><img alt="S1A_Jakobshavn_20150215T203828" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1645" height="518" src="http://greatwhitecon.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/S1A_Jakobshavn_20150215T203828.jpg" width="777" /></a></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">Here’s a Sentinel-1A image via “nukefix” at <a href="https://forum.arctic-sea-ice.net/index.php/topic,154.msg45714/topicseen.html#msg45714" target="_blank">the Arctic Sea Ice Forum</a>, which confirms that the calving took place on or before February 16th:</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a class="thickbox no_icon" href="http://greatwhitecon.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/subset_0_of_S1A_IW_GRDH_1SSH_20150216T095944_20150216T100009_004647_005BB8_B43C_Calib_EC_Sigma0_HH_db.jpg" rel="gallery-1641" title="subset_0_of_S1A_IW_GRDH_1SSH_20150216T095944_20150216T100009_004647_005BB8_B43C_Calib_EC_Sigma0_HH_db"><img alt="subset_0_of_S1A_IW_GRDH_1SSH_20150216T095944_20150216T100009_004647_005BB8_B43C_Calib_EC_Sigma0_HH_db" class="aligncenter size-large wp-image-1653" height="397" src="http://greatwhitecon.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/subset_0_of_S1A_IW_GRDH_1SSH_20150216T095944_20150216T100009_004647_005BB8_B43C_Calib_EC_Sigma0_HH_db-1024x674.jpg" width="604" /></a></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">This is a before/after <a href="http://forum.arctic-sea-ice.net/index.php/topic,154.msg45735.html#msg45735" target="_blank">animation from “A-Team”</a> on the Arctic Sea Ice Forum, using 15m resolution Landsat images:</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a class="thickbox no_icon" href="http://greatwhitecon.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Jakobshavn-anim.gif" rel="gallery-1641" title="Jakobshavn-anim"><img alt="Jakobshavn-anim" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1657" height="632" src="http://greatwhitecon.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Jakobshavn-anim.gif" width="648" /></a></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">Finally, for the moment at least, Espen Olsen provides an
illustration of the retreat of the calving face of Jakobshavn Isbræ
since 1851:</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a class="thickbox no_icon" href="http://greatwhitecon.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Jakobshavn-calving1851-2014.jpg" rel="gallery-1641" title="Jakobshavn-calving1851-2014"><img alt="Jakobshavn-calving1851-2014" class="aligncenter size-large wp-image-1661" height="350" src="http://greatwhitecon.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Jakobshavn-calving1851-2014-1024x595.jpg" width="604" /></a></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">This most recent event does not bring the calving face further east
than the position in summer 2014. However the sun’s rays are only just
returning to that part of the planet, and the next one may well do so.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Feb24"></a>[Edit - 24/02/2015]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">We’ve phoned DMI and NSIDC as well, but Jason Box who is a Professor
at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland has been the first to
respond with an opinion about how unusual this event is:</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><blockquote>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="JasonBox"></a>It’s an interesting finding. In
the attached prepared by Karina Hansen you will see a light yellow
polygon illustrating the end of melt season 2014 ice. Jakobshavn front
position retreated from the Feb 2014 (pink line) and Feb 2015 (green
line) positions. The Feb 2014 and Feb 2015 positions are roughly the
same with 2014 Feb being further retreated than Feb 2015:</span></blockquote>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a class="thickbox no_icon" href="http://greatwhitecon.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Jaki_2015.jpg" rel="gallery-1641" title="Jaki_2015"><img alt="Jaki_2015" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1737" height="607" src="http://greatwhitecon.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Jaki_2015.jpg" width="878" /></a></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><blockquote>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">A cautious response: even if this calving were abnormal,
we will likely see an advance in the next weeks that will fill the void.
Why?</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">A) This glacier flows fast, and</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">B) Now with less flow resistance there will likely be an acceleration making the void filling happen even faster.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Here are annual end of melt season area changes measured by <a href="http://promice.org/" target="_blank">PROMICE.org</a>. These are being updated. I will ask Karina Hansen today to update for 2014 and 2015. We could have that result in a few hours.</span></blockquote>
Banda in barbarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09573682791396956162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7762351538927877855.post-72746315884147387762015-03-09T19:37:00.000-07:002015-03-10T19:36:37.266-07:00Loose ICE (University of Rhode Island) "Cracks in the Cryosphere: How Changes in Sea Ice Can Upset the Ocean Carbon Cycle (Universite Libre de ICE IV "The Cryosphere Between the Cracks AND THE CRACKPOTS: Does It Matter TO THE MARCHING MORONS GOING UP A DIME BIGGEST YEAR IN NASDAQ IN YEARS THE XXI CENTURY FOX IS JUST FINE AND GOING TO GO FINER OR THINNER SOMETHING LIKE THIS OR LIKE THAT TIT FOR TAT <div class="p1" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #373737; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24.375px; margin: 0px 0px 1.625em; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span class="s1" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Arctic sea ice extent continues to track well below average, but it is still unclear whether March will see an increase in ice, or establish a record low maximum. </span>Regionally, Arctic ice extent is especially low in the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea. In the Antarctic, sea ice shrank to the fourth highest minimum in the satellite record.</div>
<h2 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; clear: left; color: #003366; display: block; font-family: Interval, 'Arial Narrow', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px 0px 0.8125em; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 18px 0px 5px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
Overview of conditions</h2>
<div class="wp-caption alignleft" id="attachment_5757" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(246, 246, 246); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); clear: both; color: #373737; display: inline; float: left; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24.375px; margin: 0px 20px 15px 0px; max-width: 96%; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; width: 360px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/files/2015/03/Figure1.png" rel="lightbox[5765]" style="border: 0px; color: #00659e; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Figure 1. Arctic sea ice extent for February 2015" class="size-medium wp-image-5757" src="http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/files/2015/03/Figure1-350x417.png" height="417" style="border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 98%; outline: none; padding: 5px;" width="350" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #666666; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; outline: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 5px 10px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">
Figure 1. Arctic sea ice extent for February 2015 was 14.41 million square kilometers (5.56 million square miles). The magenta line shows the 1981 to 2010 median extent for that month. The black cross indicates the geographic North Pole.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://nsidc.org/data/seaice_index" style="border: 0px; color: #00659e; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sea Ice Index</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>data.<a href="http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/about-the-data/" style="border: 0px; color: #00659e; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">About the data</a><br />
<br />
Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center<br />
<a href="http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/files/2015/03/Figure1.png" rel="lightbox[5765]" style="border: 0px; color: #00659e; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">High-resolution image</a></div>
</div>
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Arctic sea ice extent in February averaged 14.41 million square kilometers (5.56 million square miles). This is the third lowest February ice extent in the satellite record. It is 940,000 square kilometers (362,900 square miles) below the 1981 to 2010 long-term average of 15.35 million square kilometers (5.93 million square miles). It is also 50,000 square kilometers (19,300 square miles) above the record low for the month observed in 2005.</div>
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With the Arctic Ocean completely ice covered, the remaining areas of potential new ice growth are limited to the margins of the pack in the northern Pacific and northern Atlantic. Sea ice extent is below average across the entire sea ice margin, most prominently along the Pacific sectors. A small region of above-average ice extent is located near Newfoundland and the Canadian Maritime Provinces.</div>
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The Arctic maximum is expected to occur in the next two or three weeks. Previous years have seen a surge in Arctic ice extent during March (e.g., in 2012, 2014). However, if the current pattern of below-average extent continues, Arctic sea ice extent may set a new lowest winter<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></div>
Banda in barbarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09573682791396956162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7762351538927877855.post-71689941470448827552015-02-19T07:18:00.002-07:002015-02-19T08:28:41.761-07:00DO TEMPO E DO ESPAÇO PASSO A PASSO ...NO ESPAÇO DE UM PASSO PASSO A BOLA À TOLA DE UM TOLO NO PAÇO COM CACHECOL OU MESMO COM OUTRO LAÇO ...ATÉ César METIA CunhaS E TINHA Dias O Sócrates é que já não vai a tempo......TUDO VAI A TEMPO SE A ALMA NÃO É PEQUENA ........O CONCEITO DE ESPAÇO-TEMPO PERMITE AFIRMAR QUE SOCRATES VAI SEMPRE A TEMPO ...HÁ UMA FUSÃO ÍNTIMA ENTRE ESPAÇO E TEMPO NO ESPAÇO TEMPO CORRESPONDENTE À GAY PARIS OU À CU RUPÇÃO DA JUVENTUS DE ATHENAS SOCRATES NAVEGA NO ESPAÇO RELATIVO E NO TEMPO RELATIVO ...É TUDO CÁ DUMA RELATIVIDADE .OR THE RELATIVE TIME AND RELATIVE SPACE IN THE CONTINUUM OF SOCRATIC CU RUPÇÃO DA JUVENTUS DE ATHENAS EMERGINDO DESTA REALIDADE FACEBOOKIANA UM NOVO ABSOLUTO ESPÁCIO-TEMPORAL A NOÇÃO DE INTERVALO ENTRE DOIS ACONTECIMENTOS ...O ACTO CORRUPTOR E O PERDÃO ATÉ 30 DIAS COMO PRAZO DE VALIDADE DOS PERDÕES DA CRISTANDADE....NA RÁDIO OUVE-SE DESCREVER ESTE INTERVALO TEMPORAL DE 30 DIAS COMO SE SE TRATASSE DE UMA QUARTA DIMENSÃO NILTONIANA MAS NADA PHODIA IPODEPODE SER MAIS FALSO COMO SE A RELATIVIDADE FIZESSE DESAPARECER TODA A DISTÂNCIA ENTRE O SPACE E O TIME DO SOCRÁTICO CU RUPTOR .. MAS NA REALIDADE OU NA RELATIVIDADE DO FACEBOOK O TEMPO TEM UM PAPEL OU MESMO UM RÁDIO...COMPLETAMENTE DISTINTO DO ESPAÇO RADIOFÓNICO OU MESMO DO ESPAÇO AFÓNICO DO FACEBOOK..... O ESPAÇO TEMPO NÃO TEM QUATRO DIMENSÕES TEM QUATRO VARIÁVEIS TODAS ELAS CORRUPTÍVEIS O RELATIVISTA FACEBOOKIANO SABE QUE PODE PERFEITAMENTE CORROMPER AS TRÊS DIMENSÕES E AFINFAR NA 4ªFALSA DIMENSÃO ESSA VARIÁVEL QUE É O TEMPO ....NESTE CASO VARIA SÓ 30 DIAS ...SÃO MANIAS .-O RELATIVISTA CHAMA A ESSE DISPARATE QUE OS LEIGOS PERCEPCIONAM COMO 30 DIAS CURVATURA DO CONTÍNUO NO ESPAÇO TEMPO SE BEM QUE CONTÍNUO FIQUE MELHOR EM LATIM ....TEMOS ASSIS OU ASSAD NO INTERVALO DE 30 DIAS ENTRE ACONTECIMENTOS DE DAR E LEVAR NO VIEGAS NÃO SEJAIS PIEGAS UMA FUNÇÃO MATEMÁTICA E LEGAL ANÁLOGA À DA CURVATURA A 3 DIMENSÕES DO ROTUNDO BUJÃO ALEMÃO QUE PERDEU QUASE TODAS AS GUERRAS OU SEJA A CURVATURA DE UMA SUPERFÍCIE IRREAL COMO O FACEBOOK...ORA CURVATURA DOS 30 DIAS É UM CONCEITO OU UMA CON SEITA OU UMA NOÇÃO CONCRETA E PODE SER APLICADA NO NILTON NOS BOYS DE SOCRATES E MESMO NO CONTÍNUO TEMPORAL OU NOUTRO CONTÍNUO ....UM DOMÍNIO ASSAZ OU ASSAD SINGULAR POIS NENHUMA TEORIA MESMO NILTONIANA PODE APAGAR CERTAS CARACTERÍSTICAS DO TEMPO ESPECÍFICAS DO DITO CUJO ..POR UM LADO O INTERVALO DE 30 DIAS ENTRE ACONTECIMENTOS DE DIFERENTES GRAUS DE PROBABILIDADE CORROMPER OU CU ROMPER E SER PERDOADO POR OUTRO LADO A PERSISTÊNCIA DOS OBJECTOS CORROMPIDOS QUE INTRODUZEM NESTE SISTEMA ANAL PENAL PENIS-ANAL UMA DISSEMETRIA OU DISSEMELHANÇA IMPRESSIONANTE EM TERMOS NILTONIANUS.<span style="font-size: x-large;">JÁ AS VARIÁVEIS DO ESPAÇO PODEM</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">VARIAR INDIFERENTEMENTE </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">ENQUANTO O TEMPO ESCORRE OU CORRE</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">OU VAI A PASSO NUM SENTIDO QUE NOS </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">É PERCEPCIONADO COMO ÚNICO </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">ESTA IRREVERSIBILIDADE DO TEMPO</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">E O CARÁCTER IRREVOGÁVEL DAS </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">DECISÕES DE PORTAS VON PAULUS </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">NA EVOLUÇÃO DOS SISTEMAS FÍSICOS</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">ENCONTRAM A SUA EXPRESSÃO NO 2º</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">PRINCÍPIO DA TERMODINÂMICA ... </span>Banda in barbarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09573682791396956162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7762351538927877855.post-42396479847805161552015-01-12T13:28:00.001-07:002015-01-12T13:37:19.926-07:00SE A SOMBRA QUE NOS COBRE TIVESSE VISÃO MICROSCÓPICA PERDERIA A ÁRVORE E A FLORESTA TÃO FUNESTA E O VALOR ARTÍSTICO QUASE MÍSTICO DO LIVRO SEMI-VIVO SEMI-ESQUIVO NÃO PASSARIA NESSE CRIVO A TEORIA DA RELATIVIDADE NA VERDADE PERMITE COMPREENDER É O SEU GRANDE PODER MUITOS FENÓMENOS DA FÍSICA ESTELAR AINDA POR ESTREAR ENTRE ELES O MAIS FUNDAMENTAL O TAL QUE EXPLICA A PERDA DE ENERGIA DAS ESTRELAS MESMO AS MAIS BELAS APAGAM-SE COMO VELAS....E SEM LUVAS DE PELICA OU MAÇÃ EXPLICA A GRAVITAÇÃ UNIVERSAL POIS FICAVA MAL ESCREVER MAÇÃO PRA RIMAR COM GRAVITAÇÃO JÁ BEM TE FICA RIMAR JESUS COM O BENFICA EM CRUZ....E SE ESTA RIMA ASININA ASSASSINA PRETENDE EXPLICAR O AZAR DE JESUS NA CRUZ JÁ A TEORIA FINAL PRETENDE MESMO A ESMO CLARIFICAR SE CALHAR DAS GALÁXIAS A FUGA NO TEMPO CONTRATEMPO QUE ENRUGA O ESPAÇO PASSO A PASSO <b>JÁ A TEORIA DA RELATIVIDADE TEM POR BASE A SEXUALIDADE ......</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b>
<b>.É UMA CRÍTICA LÓGICA DAS MEDIÇÕES HUMANAS O TANAS ........</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b>
<b>DO CONTÍNUO DU TEMPO E DO ESPAÇO CUM BARAÇO ...............</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>O SEU DOMÍNIO É O MAIS VASTO QUE QUALQUER TEORIA ..</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>.JÁ É MANIA OU DIRIA MESMO MAIS É TEORIA Y MEGALOMANIA. ....</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>ATÉ DÁ AZIA NÃO É UM CAPÍTULO DA FÍSICA Ó COUSA TÍSICA ......</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>IMPÕEM-SE AS SUAS LEIS A TUDO QUANTO EXISTE, É TRISTE ....</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>SEU TRASTE, POIS A RELATIVIDADE INICIALMENTE Ó DEMENTE ...</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>FOI CONCEBIDA SEM PECADO PARA EXPLICAR AQUI AO LADO ........FENOMENOLOGIAS À NOSSA ESCALA ...COME E CALA ...............</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>MAS OBVIAMENTE ADMITE E PERMITE ....................</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>.COMPREENDER O INFINITAMENTE GRANDE ,,,,,..........</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>QUE VOSSO DEUS EM TUDO MANDE ........................................</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>.E O INFINITAMENTE PEQUENO .......................</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>.SEJA NUCLEAR OU OUTRO VENENO</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>................................O QUE É BASTANTE SURPREENDENTE </b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>...................POIS ASSIM DE REPENTE ...................................................</b><br />
<b>AS NOÇÕES CONCRETAS ....................</b><br />
<b>SÃO VÁLIDAS PARA A ESCALA ...........</b><br />
<b>..............................EM QUE FORAM ESTABELECIDAS .............</b><br />
<b>.......SEJA EM VARIÁVEIS DISCRETAS .............................</b><br />
<b>.........SEJA NO CHÃO NO QUARTO OU NA SALA.......</b><br />
<b>QUE AS CONCRETAS A QUALQUER ESCALA SÃO FODIDAS .............</b><br />
<b>.E CESSAM DE TER SIGNIFICÂNCIA A ESCALA DIFERENTE ......</b><br />
<b>.DE RESTO COMO ACONTECE COM TUDO E TODA A GENTE .........</b><br />
<b>MORMENTE GENTE COM TUSA OU IMPOTENTE....</b>Banda in barbarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09573682791396956162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7762351538927877855.post-57943692983973352822015-01-10T16:23:00.001-07:002015-01-10T17:00:26.522-07:00O MOVIMENTO DOS ELECTRÕES IN STRICTLY DEFINED ORBITS E A ABSORÇÃO E EMISSÃO OF DEFINITE PORTIONS OF ENERGY ALL THESES OU THESE OU TESEU CUM TESÃO PROPRIETIES OU PROPRIEDADES DU SOCRATES SUNT INERENTES AO MICROMUNDO NUM HÁ OBSERVAÇÕES SIMILARES NO MUNDO OF LARGE BODIES (OLHA PRÓ LADO QUALQUER LADO...DESDE QUE SEJA À ESQUERDA OU À DIREITA EUCLIDIANA ...TENS DOIS EXEMPLARES DOS LARGE BODIES) A QUE CHAMAMOS ,,,CHAMAMOS QUEM? AH ISSO DEPENDE QUEM QUEIRA VIR OBVIAMENTE...O MACROMUNDO...OU SEGUNDO AS CARTAS DE SOCRATES ...THE MACROWORLD ...PHYSICS OF THE MICROWORLD OU FÍSICA DO MICROMUNDO PARA QUEM TENHA FEITO INGLÊS TÉCNICO NUMA UNIVERSIDADE DE MERDE COMO O SOCRATES THE H ATOM CONSIST OF A POSITIVELY CHARGED NUCLEUS (PROTON Ó POLTRON,,,OU POLTRÃO) UND ONE ELECTRON ROTATING ABOUT IT THE ELECTRON HAS A CHARGE EQUAL IN VALUE (MAS OPOSTA EM SIGNAL A REVISTA DO GOEBBELS AO POLTRÃO QUE ÉS TU TU DESMOND) COMO UM TODO O ÁTOMO DE H É NEUTRO ELECTRICALY JÁ EM MASSA O POLTRÃO IS 1836 ELECTRON MASSES OU SEJA TEM MAIS MASSA APESAR DE TER PERDIDO UNS TROIKOS NO BES ....e físico nuclear maluco por óvnis ou microfísico tarado por óvaginis é o ká mais Fred rico Firmo firme de Sou zaza gabor ó carlos Cruz..... tunelamento em Sistemas de muitos Corpos Ricardo Marina nelli Interações Eletrofracas com o sexo forte Sid ney matogrosso ( dizem né) dos Santos de casa não fazem milagres probabilísticos Avancini Modelos Relativísticos em Física de Há drones? Even when the ulcers are benign; thou shalt fear. ...Over the empty plains toward Mantua he slid along at ease free and alone. He explored the horrors of Roman society He understood perfectly and without effort the quantum theory ...Física Nuclear e de Hádrons EMail se quiser ser abductado por estes aliens chamavam-te um figo se bem que passado d'edade...os nu kleos são, na realidade, sistemas compostos, redirecionou o interesse dos físicos nucleares para a investigação dos graus de liberdade de quarks e dos manganões e com isto e aquilo,a Física Nuclear e a Física das Partículas Elementares interligaram-se, dando origem à Física de Há drones ou ha ladrões ou há grandões? É importante observar se se conseguir e nenhum observador careca observa o mesmo que outro careca ou skin , k ou que na área de Física de Há drones, os mesmos modelos relativísticos que são capazes de descrever a matéria formada numa colisão de íõe dos pesados podem ser utilizados na descrição da metéria estelar, uma vez que os parâmetros livres da teoria sejam convenientemente ajustados.....é como um fato...um fato de facto e não um facto de fato tá? não tá atão guenta guenta ó guelfo UH MORE? O DIÂMETRO DO ÁTOMO NÃO PODE SER DEFINIDO ...WHY DOCTOR WHO? WELL SKIN AMICUS DE AMICUS SOCRATICUS QUE DÃO O CU PELA ALMA OU POR UM EMPRÉSTIMOZINHO A PAGAR NAS FESTAS DE BUNGA-BUNGA DO BERLUSCONI...BECAUSE THE ATOM HAS NO CLEARLY DEFINED BOUNDARY....THE SIZE OF THE NUCLER PORTION OF THE H ATOM IS 100 THOUSAND TIMES SMALLER CU ÁTOMO DE H....1,3 FERMIS AH QUERIAS TER UM AMIGO DAQUELES QUE O SOKRAS TEM....AGENTE JÁ DESCONFIAVA QUE ERAS DESSES...BENFIQUISTAS E BONS PAIS DE FAMIGLIA TÊM SEMPRE AMIGOS DESSES NOS COSTADOS OU ESCREVE-SE ENCOSTADOS? TO SHIFT 1 ELECTRÃO DORAVANTE CHAMADO e- da sua órbita interior para uma MAI DISTANTE QUE ÉVORA NEXEXITA DE EXITAR O GAJO E DUM AMOUNT OU DE UMA DEFINITE QUANTIDADE DE ENERGY (E CHAMA-SE A ISSO UM QUANTUM ....A QUANTO UM? BOM QUANDO O ELECTRÃO RETORNA À ÓRBITA ORIGINAL PAGA O MESMO DE VOLTA THE SAME AMOUNT OF ENERGY IN THE FORM OF A LIGHT QUANTUM ....LIGHT PORQUE NÃ T'ENGORDA ...JÁ AOS DO LADO...TODOS OS ESTADOS DO H QUE TENHAM 1 Nº QUÂNTICO PRINCIPAL QUE EXCEDA A UNIDADE SÃO CHAMADOS POR GAMAS GAY VARIOUS EXCITED STATES ....OR EXCITED STUDS DEPENDE DO BAR ONDE OS FÍSICOS NU CLEAR ANDAM ÓS TOMBOS ...<span style="font-size: x-large;">A DENSIDADE OF MATTER NO POLTRÃO</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">É FANTÁSTICA </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">200 MILHÕES DE TONELADAS/CM CÚBICO </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">A ELECTRON MOVING IN THE INNERMOST </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">ORBIT IS CALED A K-ELECTRON A K?</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">A QUÊ MESMO ....THE ELECTRONIC </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">SHELLS ARE GIVEN NUMBERS NON SÃO</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">PESSOAS OU PERSONAS BOM SKIN</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">NUMBER ONE K SHELL</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">SUNT PRINCIPALIS QUANTUM NUMBERS </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">OF THE ATOM ...</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">O RAIO QUE O PARTA DE UM ÁTOMO</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">NO ESTADO EXCITADO OU ENTESOADO</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">É PROPORCIONAL AO QUADRADO DO Nº</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">QUÂNTICO ...PRINCIPAL</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">O RAIO DO ÁTOMO TÁS A VER </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">BOLAS (OU HUEVOS)</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">N=3 RAIO =9 DE AN UNEXCITED ATOM</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">OU SEJA UM DE IDADE PROVECTA </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>Banda in barbarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09573682791396956162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7762351538927877855.post-62012876984275416172014-06-18T11:02:00.000-06:002014-06-18T11:02:16.124-06:00ENFIM ATÉ COMEÇARMOS A MORRER AFOGADOS JÁ MORREMOS DE MORTE MATADA DURANTE A IV GUERRA ECONÓMICA GLOBAL 1914-2014 CEM ANOS DE GUERRAS ECONÓMICAS EM LARGA ESCALA <h1>
Antarctic ice melt has doubled to 159 GIGATONNES (that's 430,000 Empire State Buildings) a year since 2010, satellite reveals</h1>
<ul class="mol-bullets-with-font">
<li><span style="font-size: 1.4em;"><strong>Esa's CryoSat-2 mission has provided new data on the Antarctic ice sheet</strong></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 1.4em;"><strong>It surveyed the region from 2010 to 2013 and found losses had doubled</strong></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 1.4em;"><strong>In total the ice sheet is losing 159 gigatonnes (159 billion tonnes) each year</strong></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 1.4em;"><strong>That is twice the rate of ice loss found in the last survey from 2005 to 2010</strong></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 1.4em;"><strong>And just this loss alone will raise sea levels by half a millimetre a year</strong></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 1.4em;"><strong>But sea levels will rise much more when other factors are considered</strong></span></li>
</ul>
<br /><div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Three
years of observations show that the Antarctic ice sheet is now losing
159 gigatonnes (159 billion tonnes) of ice each year - twice as much as
when it was last surveyed in 2012.</span><span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">A
team of scientists from the UK Centre for Polar Observation and
Modelling, led by researchers at the University of Leeds, have produced
the first complete assessment of Antarctic ice sheet elevation change.</span><span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">They
used measurements collected by Esa's CryoSat-2 satellite mission, which
carries an altimeter, an instrument to measure altitude, specially
designed for this task.</span></div>
<div class="clear">
</div>
<div class="artSplitter">
<div class="image-wrap fff-pic" style="cursor: pointer;">
<img alt="A survey from 2010 to 2013 by Esa's CryoSat-2 satellite shows that the Antarctic Ice Sheet is now losing 159 Gigatonnes of ice each year, enough to raise global sea levels by 0.45 millimetres per year. Colour scale ranges in this image from -1 to +1 metres (3.3 feet) per year" class="blkBorder img-share" data-track-pos="0" height="411" id="i-a5860ffaf4554c69" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2014/05/21/article-2635170-1E130E2600000578-55_634x411.jpg" width="634" /><div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-1">
</div>
<div class="overlay-icon mobile-gallery">
<span>+3</span></div>
</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
A survey from 2010 to 2013 by Esa's CryoSat-2
satellite shows that the Antarctic Ice Sheet is now losing 159
Gigatonnes of ice each year, enough to raise global sea levels by 0.45
millimetres per year. Colour scale ranges in this image from -1 to +1
metres (3.3 feet) per year</div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">In
sharp contrast to previous altimeter missions, CryoSat-2 surveys
virtually the entire Antarctic continent, reaching to within 135 miles
(215 kilometres) of the South Pole.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">This has enabled a fivefold increase in the sampling of coastal regions where today's ice losses are concentrated.</span></div>
<div class="floatRHS art-ins sciencetech">
<h3 class="wocc">
<b>WHAT 159 GIGATONNES IS EQUAL TO</b></h3>
<div class="ins cleared xolcc bdrcc">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">79.5 trillion laptops</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">2.27 trillion people</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">14.5 billion Hubble Space Telescopes</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">381 million International Space Stations</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">3.06 million Titanics</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">430,000 Empire State Buildings</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">397 times the world’s human population</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">32 teaspoons of neutron star</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">22% of the mass of carbon stored in Earth’s atmosphere</span></div>
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Overall, the pattern of imbalance continues to be dominated by glaciers thinning in the Amundsen Sea sector of West Antarctica.</span><span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">However,
thanks to the improved capabilities of CryoSat-2, problem areas such as
the rugged terrain of the Antarctic Peninsula can now also be surveyed.</span></div>
<div class="relatedItemsTopBorder">
</div>
<div class="relatedItems">
<br /></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">On
average West Antarctica lost 134 gigatonnes of ice, East Antarctica
three gigatonnes, and the Antarctic Peninsula 23 gigatonnes in each year
between 2010 and 2013 - a total loss of 159 gigatonnes each year.</span><span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font" id="ext-gen123">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
polar ice sheets are a major contributor to global sea level rise and,
when combined, the Antarctic losses detected by CryoSat-2 are enough to
raise global sea levels by 0.45 millimetres each year alone.</span></div>
<div class="clear">
</div>
<div class="artSplitter">
<div class="image-wrap fff-pic" style="cursor: pointer;">
<img alt="The largest loss of ice is occurring at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, with the Pine Island Glacier shown here. West Antarctica is losing 139 gigatonnes of the total 159 gigatonnes every year, which is double the rate of ice loss from 2005 to 2010" class="blkBorder img-share" data-track-pos="1" height="408" id="i-4a913bc0da99b64f" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2014/05/21/article-2635170-1E130E4A00000578-107_634x408.jpg" width="634" /><div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-2">
</div>
<div class="overlay-icon mobile-gallery">
<span>+3</span></div>
</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
The largest loss of ice is occurring at the West
Antarctic Ice Sheet, with the Pine Island Glacier shown here. West
Antarctica is losing 139 gigatonnes of the total 159 gigatonnes every
year, which is double the rate of ice loss from 2005 to 2010</div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">In West Antarctica, ice thinning has been detected in areas that were poorly surveyed by past satellite altimeter missions.</span><span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">These
newly-mapped areas contribute additional losses that bring altimeter
observations closer to estimates based on other approaches.</span><span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">But
the average rate of ice thinning in West Antarctica has also increased,
and this sector is now losing almost one third (31%) as much ice each
year than it did during the five year period (2005 to 2010) prior to
CryoSat-2's launch.</span><span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Lead
author Dr Malcolm McMillan from the University of Leeds said: 'We find
that ice losses continue to be most pronounced along the fast-flowing
ice streams of the Amundsen Sea sector, with thinning rates of between 4
and 8 metres [13 to 26 feet] per year near to the grounding lines of
the Pine Island, Thwaites and Smith Glaciers.'</span><span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">This
sector of Antarctica has long been identified as the most vulnerable to
changes in climate and, according to recent assessments, its glaciers
may have passed a point of irreversible retreat.</span><span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Launched
in 2010, CryoSat carries a radar altimeter that can 'see' through
clouds and in the dark, providing continuous measurements over areas
like Antarctica that are prone to bad weather and long periods of
darkness.</span><span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
radar can measure the surface height variation of ice in fine detail,
allowing scientists to record changes in its volume with unprecedented
accuracy.</span></div>
<div class="clear">
</div>
<div class="artSplitter">
<div class="image-wrap fff-pic" style="cursor: pointer;">
<img alt="ESA¿s Earth Explorer CryoSat-2 mission (artist¿s illustration shown) was launched on 8 April 2010 and is dedicated to precise monitoring of changes in the thickness of marine ice floating in the polar oceans and variations in the thickness of the vast ice sheets that blanket Greenland and Antarctica" class="blkBorder img-share" data-track-pos="2" height="451" id="i-49a01fa0b5e8185b" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2014/05/21/article-2635170-1E131B5B00000578-572_634x451.jpg" width="634" /><div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-3">
</div>
<div class="overlay-icon mobile-gallery">
<span>+3</span></div>
</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
ESA¿s Earth Explorer CryoSat-2 mission (artist¿s
illustration shown) was launched on 8 April 2010 and is dedicated to
precise monitoring of changes in the thickness of marine ice floating in
the polar oceans and variations in the thickness of the vast ice sheets
that blanket Greenland and Antarctica</div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Professor
Andrew Shepherd, also of the University of Leeds, who led the study,
added: 'Thanks to its novel instrument design and to its near-polar
orbit, CryoSat allows us to survey coastal and high-latitude regions of
Antarctica that were beyond the capability of past altimeter missions,
and it seems that these regions are crucial for determining the overall
imbalance.</span><span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'Although
we are fortunate to now have, in CryoSat-2, a routine capability to
monitor the polar ice sheets, the increased thinning we have detected in
West Antarctica is a worrying development. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'It
adds concrete evidence that dramatic changes are underway in this part
of our planet, which has enough ice to raise global sea levels by more
than a metre [3.3 feet]. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'The challenge is to use this evidence to test and improve the predictive skill of climate models.'</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">And
Professor David Vaughan of the British Antarctic Survey said: 'The
increasing contribution of Antarctica to sea-level rise is a global
issue, and we need to use every technique available to understand where
and how much ice is being lost. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'Through
some very clever technical improvements, McMillan and his colleagues
have produced the best maps of Antarctic ice-loss we have ever had. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'Prediction
of the rate of future global sea-level rise must begin with a thorough
understanding of current changes in the ice sheets - this study puts us
exactly where we need to be.'</span><span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">And
finally Dr Ian Joughin at the University of Washington, author of a
recent study simulating future Antarctic ice sheet losses, concluded:
'This study does a nice job of revealing the strong thinning along the
Amundsen Coast, which is consistent with theory and models indicating
this region is in the early stages of collapse.</span></div>
<br />Banda in barbarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09573682791396956162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7762351538927877855.post-21237415322445433742014-06-13T19:01:00.001-06:002014-06-13T19:01:30.832-06:00FROM THE OIL AGE TO THE PLASTIC AGE AND BACK....THE NIXON ADMINISTRATION DECLINES THE IRANIAN OFFER OF IRANIAN CRUDE OIL THOUSAND MILLLION OF BARRELS OVER TEN YEARS AT THE PRICE OF ONE DOLLAR PER BARREL IN 1964 - O XÁ DA PÉRSIA OU REZA PAHLEVI DO IRÃO OFERECE UM ACORDO DE MIL MILHÕES DE DÓLARES 1964-1974 UMA PECHINCHA ....NIXON DIZ QUE A I-DEI-A TEM FALTA DE MÉRITO POLÍTICO IN NOVEMBER 1970' TEN MILLION OF BARRELS PER DAY IN THE U.S. OF A THE BIGGEST OIL MOGUL...THE LAST OIL RECORD IN AMERICA <div class="article articleComponent">
<div class="component-article component-articleOpinion clearfix">
<div class="articleOpinion-mainImage--container FlexEmbed FlexEmbed--2by1">
<div class="articleOpinion-mainImage articleWidth-mainImage FlexEmbed-item" data-speed="9" data-type="background">
<a class="articleOpinion-topicTag articleWidth-topicTag js-toggle--fade" href="http://america.aljazeera.com/topics/topic/categories/environment.html"></a></div>
</div>
<div class="articleOpinion-inner articleOpinion-inner--top js-articleWidth--captionOverlay">
<div class="articleOpinion-title--container">
<h1 class="articleOpinion-title">
Arctic ice melt to release 1 trillion pieces of plastic into sea</h1>
<h1 class="articleOpinion-title">
Increasing ice melt due to climate change will pose a major threat to marine life, report says<span class="date"> </span></h1>
<h1 class="articleOpinion-title">
<span class="date">May 27, 2014</span>
<span class="time">1:40PM ET</span></h1>
<h1 class="articleOpinion-title">
<span class="articleOpinion-byline"></span>As the Arctic ice melt accelerates due to climate change it could
release more than 1 trillion pieces of plastic into the ocean over the
next decade, possibly posing a major threat to marine life, a new
scientific report said.</h1>
<h1 class="articleOpinion-title">
The report, titled “Global Warming Releases Microplastic Legacy
Frozen in Arctic Sea Ice,” said ice in some remote locations contains at
least twice as much plastic as previously reported areas of surface
water such as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch – an area of plastic waste estimated to be bigger than the state of Texas.</h1>
<h1 class="articleOpinion-title">
Researchers behind the report, published last week in the scientific
journal Earth’s Future, said they found the unusual concentrations of
plastics by chance while studying sediments trapped in ice cores. The
researchers are based at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire.</h1>
<h1 class="articleOpinion-title">
Many scientists and activists have raised alarms over the massive
amount of plastic waste building up in the world’s oceans. In the film
“Midway,” showed how tens of thousands of baby albatrosses
are dying – their bodies filled with plastic most likely from the
Garbage Patch – on the Pacific atoll of Midway, one of the most remote
islands on the planet. </h1>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">Increasing ice melt due to climate change will likely release the
even-higher concentrations of plastic trapped in Arctic ice into the
sea, and thus into the food chain, the new report in Earth’s Future
said.
</span><span style="font-size: large;">“The environmental consequences of microplastic fragments are not
fully understood, but they are clearly ingested by a wide range of
marine organisms including commercially important species,” the report
said.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><span style="font-size: large;">The term “microplastics” refers to tiny particles created as plastic
materials that break down but never biodegrade. They are being
increasingly found on surface waters and shorelines around the world. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><span style="font-size: large;">Plastic materials are introduced to the ocean by various means,
including from cosmetic ingredients known as microbeads, from the
release of semi-synthetic fibers such as rayon from washing machines,
and from larger discarded plastic items. The plastics reach the sea via
sewers, rivers, and littering along coastlines or at sea.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><span style="font-size: large;">Researchers said in the new report that Arctic ice contains such high
concentrations of plastics because of the way sea ice forms. It
concentrates particulates from the surrounding waters, and the
particulates become trapped until the ice melts. Scientists said in the
report that they found 38-234 plastic particles per cubic meter of ice
in some parts of the Artic areas they studied.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><span style="font-size: large;">In the next decade the scientists predict that at least 2,000
trillion cubic meters of Arctic ice will melt. If that ice contains the
lowest concentrations of microplastics reported in the study, this could
result in the release of more than 1 trillion pieces of plastic, the
report said.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><span style="font-size: large;">Researchers worry that a wide range of organisms could ingest the microplastics, leading to physical injury and poisoning.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><span style="font-size: large;">Plastic products often contain potentially harmful additives to make
them last longer, the report said. Other studies have shown that small
fragments of plastic can act a bit like magnets, attracting pollutants from the environment and making them even more toxic.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><span style="font-size: large;">have
shown that tiny plastic “microbeads,” added to many body cleansers and
toothpastes, have been found in major lakes and other waterways used for
drinking water. The studies said the plastic balls absorb toxic
chemicals released into the environment, and are then eaten by fish and
thus introduced into the food chain.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
Mass production of plastic began in the 1940s, and by 2009 at least 230 million tons of plastic were produced each year – equivalent to the weight of a double-decker bus every two seconds</span>Banda in barbarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09573682791396956162noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7762351538927877855.post-71422527599868723032014-05-18T16:26:00.000-06:002014-05-18T16:26:43.947-06:00THE BOSNIAN ARKSTORM OR THE SECOND ARKSTORM IN EUROPE IN ONLY SEVEN MOON'S .....IT'S A MOON EFFECT OR A MOONIE DEFECT?HUMIDADE ELEVADA NO WÜRM ESTÁ COMPROVADA<br />
<br />
DESLOCAMENTO DA CORRENTE POPULAR POLAR<br />
<br />
QUE COLOCOU TERRITÓRIOS SOB A INFLUÊNCIA DE CICLONES EXTRA-TROPICAIS<br />
<br />
DURANTE O VERÃO HÁ APENAS 15 A 8 MIL ANOS<br />
<br />
FLORESTAS SOFRERAM EXPANSÃO<br />
<br />
BIÓTOPOS ALPINOS FORAM-SE....JAVALIS CORÇOS AUROQUES Castor fiber<br />
<br />
permaneceram a tundra onde florestas e prados suportam mamutes mastodontes e cavalos<br />
<br />
o cavalo mexicano extingue-se com o Camelops hesternus camelo ocidental ou MacDonaldizado...<br />
<br />
predadores como o Canis dirus extintos<br />
<br />
<br />Banda in barbarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09573682791396956162noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7762351538927877855.post-65686442634849877002014-05-09T10:22:00.000-06:002014-05-09T10:22:32.348-06:00A LONGA IDADE GLACIAR ESTÁ PARADA HÁ UNS ESCASSOS MILÉNIOS DIZEM QUE ESTE INTER-GLACIAR DURARÁ MAIS 40 OU 50 MIL ANOS GRAÇAS AO ESQUECIMENTO GLOBAL OBSERVAMOS O RECUO DOS GLACIARES COMO UMA OPORTUNIDADE JÁ TINHAM RECUADO PARA AS MONTANHAS QUANDO OS VASTOS MANTOS DE GELO ESCANDINAVOS E ESCOCESES ESTALAVAM ABRIAM MOULINS E DERRETIAM AS ÁRVORES INVADIRÃO AS ESTEPES E AS TUNDRAS DA NOVA EUROPA TEMPERADA<br />
<br />
NO NORTE OUTRORA FRIO<br />
<br />
A FAUNA HUMANIZADA OU NÃO ALTERAR-SE-À<br />
<br />
TERÁ DE SE ADAPTAR A NOVO CLIMA E A NOVA VEGETAÇÃO<br />
<br />
AS RENAS DEIXARÃO DE TER GELOS PARA ACOMPANHAR PARA O NORTE<br />
<br />
OS MAMUTES EXTINTOS HÁ MUITO DESCONGELARÃO E O PREÇO DO MARFIM<br />
<br />
VAI BAIXAR ...OS REBANHOS DE ANIMAIS OBVIAMENTE GREGÁRIOS DA ESTEPE<br />
<br />
PASSARÃO A SER SUBSTITUIDOS POR ANIMAIS MAIS SOLITÁRIOS<br />
<br />
NO NOVO ESPAÇO FLORESTADO<br />
<br />
CABRAS, JAVALIS, BOIS SELVAGENS E VEADOS SURGIRÃO NESSES ESPAÇOS<br />
<br />
REQUERENDO AO CAÇADOR DO FUTURO SÉCULO 200 OU 300 OU 30,000 B.C.<br />
<br />
TÁTICAS DE CAÇA MAIS ÁRDUAS E EQUIPAMENTO NOVO<br />
<br />
REDES, ARCOS E FLECHAS E OBVIAMENTE GRUPOS PEQUENOS DE CAÇADORES<br />
<br />
PARA CAÇAR UMA OU DUAS PEÇAS DE CAÇA POR DIA<br />
<br />
DIFICILMENTE NECESSITARÃO DE GRANDES GRUPOS DE CAÇADORES<br />
<br />
A MEIA RAÇÃO .....SERÁ A NORTE O FIM DAS CULTURAS DE CAÇA COLECTIVA<br />
<br />
QUE TROUXERAM DURANTE UM BREVE PERÍODO A PROSPERIDADE<br />
<br />
AOS CAÇADORES DESTE NEO-PALEOLÍTICO<br />
<br />
TAL COMO NO PALEOLÍTICO SUPERIOR ACABARÃO OS MASSACRES DE CENTOS<br />
<br />
DE CAVALOS OU BISONTES<br />
<br />
E A INDÚSTRIA DE PINTORES DE MAMUTES DOS VAN PEDROGH'S VAI PRÓ<br />
<br />
DESEMPREGOBanda in barbarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09573682791396956162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7762351538927877855.post-82271434596996192742014-05-01T13:02:00.000-06:002014-05-01T13:02:02.464-06:00THE STHENOS HYPOTHESIS - THE WEAK EARTH THEORY - ISOSTATIC REBOUND FROM BAD WATER DISTRIBUITION AND FAULTY TOWERS STRESS - YES THE MELTING UND REBOUND THING <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="6"></a><div data-angle="0" data-canvas-width="213.05075695037846" data-font-name="Helvetica" dir="ltr" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 53.3px; left: 115.452px; top: 212.067px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.08959, 1);">
Isostasy-Paleoclimatic records show that the Greenland Ice Sheet consistently has lost mass in response to<br />warming, and grown in response to cooling. </div>
<div data-angle="0" data-canvas-width="213.05075695037846" data-font-name="Helvetica" dir="ltr" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 53.3px; left: 115.452px; top: 212.067px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.08959, 1);">
Such changes have occurred even at times of slow or zero<br />sea-level change, so changing sea level cannot have been the cause of at least some of the ice-sheet<br />changes. In contrast, there are no documented major ice-sheet changes that occurred independent of<br />temperature changes. Moreover, snowfall has increased when the climate warmed, but the ice sheet lost<br />mass nonetheless; increased accumulation in the ice sheet's center has not been sufficient to counteract<br />increased melting and flow near the edges. Most documented forcings and ice-sheet responses spanned<br />periods of several thousand years, but limited data also show rapid response to rapid forcings.<br />In particular, regions near the ice margin have responded within decades. However, major changes of<br />central regions of the ice sheet are thought to require centuries to millennia. The paleoclimatic record<br />does not yet strongly constrain how rapidly a major shrinkage or nearly complete loss of the ice sheet<br />could occur. The evidence suggests nearly total ice-sheet loss may result from warming of more than<br />a few degrees above mean 20th century values, but this threshold is poorly defined (perhaps as little as<br />2 C or more than 7 C). Paleoclimatic records are sufficiently sketchy that the ice sheet may have grown<br />temporarily in response to warming, or changes may have been induced by factors other than<br />temperature, without having been recorded.</div>
<div data-angle="0" data-canvas-width="213.05075695037846" data-font-name="Helvetica" dir="ltr" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 53.3px; left: 115.452px; top: 212.067px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.08959, 1);">
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<div data-angle="0" data-canvas-width="105.0129894580841" data-font-name="Times" dir="ltr" style="font-family: serif; font-size: 18.1667px; left: 112.034px; top: 304.166px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.04577, 1);">
</div>
<div data-angle="0" data-canvas-width="74.91699247932434" data-font-name="Times" dir="ltr" style="font-family: serif; font-size: 18.1667px; left: 232.866px; top: 304.166px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.00313, 1);">
sea levels </div>
<div data-angle="0" data-canvas-width="87.55199121093749" data-font-name="Times" dir="ltr" style="font-family: serif; font-size: 18.1667px; left: 306.365px; top: 304.166px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.07097, 1);">
around the </div>
<div data-angle="0" data-canvas-width="72.29499274253844" data-font-name="Times" dir="ltr" style="font-family: serif; font-size: 18.1667px; left: 392.365px; top: 304.166px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.04573, 1);">
coastline </div>
<div data-angle="0" data-canvas-width="51.92699478721619" data-font-name="Times" dir="ltr" style="font-family: serif; font-size: 18.1667px; left: 508.367px; top: 304.166px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(0.961314, 1);">
British </div>
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Isles for </div>
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the past 10,000-15,000 years </div>
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exhibit major regional variation </div>
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and </div>
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provide an important data base for testing models </div>
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of glacial rebound as well as models of fault activation and stress related faults</div>
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from the Late Devensian ice sheet. </div>
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THE INPUT MODELS<br />The earth model E. The following assumptions concerning € are made:<br />the model is radially symmetrical<br />over the region examined, in this<br />case Great Britain and northwestern<br />Europe.<br />the response to surface loading is<br />approximated by a linear viscoelastic<br />Maxwell body with a realistic<br />radial dependence of elastic<br />parameters and density ALLES GUTE ALLES KLAR...</div>
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These'corrective terms'are functions of position and time. Their evaluation requires a knowledge </div>
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the ice models I(cp,A:t),effective thickness of the lithosphere as </div>
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well as </div>
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the </div>
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effective </div>
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viscosityFurthermore, both </div>
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He </div>
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and qmay </div>
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exhibit lateral variation. </div>
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location </div>
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(cp,A) </div>
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</div>
</div>
is consistent with both the spatio-temporal patterns of sea-level change and the </div>
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glacio-isostatic crustal rebound in response to the unloading and extra load in stressed coastal areas like the Tagus faulty towers....and,to a lesser degree,of the ice sheet over the old Fennoscandia,and now over greenland rise in sea-level ...<br />Buoyancy force: vertical, opposes load</div>
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In reality, buoyancy force results in</div>
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additional horizontal force:</div>
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In reality, the weight of a load is also<br />resisted by the strength of the<br />lithosphere.</div>
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If the load is large enough compared to<br />that strength, the (elastic) lithosphere<br />bends downwards = flexure</div>
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AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF</div>
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Ernest Robey Banks</div>
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</div>
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In the Airy-Heiskanen system, materials that compensate for<br />topographic variations are assumed to lie vertically beneath the<br />topographic features. The density of the entire crust is assumed to<br />be a uniform 2. 67 gr/cm3, and that of the underlying mantle 3. 27<br />gr/cm , or 0. 6 gr/cm greater than that of the crust. The density<br />of 2. 67 gr/cm3 for the earth's crust is an arithmetic mean very mean mean</div>
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(Name)</div>
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M.S.</div>
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(Degree)</div>
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in</div>
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Oceanography</div>
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presented on</div>
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ISOSTATIC AND BOuGeR GRAVITY ANOMALIES</div>
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ALONG</div>
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THE INSIDE PASSAGE OF ALASKA AND BRITISH</div>
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COLUMBIA.</div>
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Abstract approved:</div>
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Donald F. Heinrichs</div>
A LaCoste-Romberg surface-ship gravity </div>
</div>
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describes</div>
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the</div>
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state</div>
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of</div>
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equilibrium</div>
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of a LITHOSPHERIC plate</div>
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floating</div>
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on the</div>
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A</div>
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STHENOSPHERE</div>
Banda in barbarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09573682791396956162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7762351538927877855.post-30836411871638750892014-04-04T13:02:00.000-07:002014-04-04T13:02:01.695-07:00O CONCEITO DE CERTO E ERRADO NUM UNIVERSO OU MESMO EM MULTIVERSOS DE LIMITES DESCONHECIDOS ONDE TODOS OS MUNDOS POSSÍVEIS E IMPOSSÍVEIS EXISTEM OU SÃO LANÇADOS NA EXISTÊNCIA É OBVIAMENTE ADMITO-O O PRODUTO DE UMA MENTE CONFUSA DE ORGANISMOS GRADUALMENTE LANÇADOS NUMA DECREPITUDE PRECOCE À FORÇA DE LER DEMASIADOS JORNAIS E VER DEMASIADAS TELENOVELASA SOAP OPERA DA SEMANA REZA PAHLEVI ASSIS:<br />
<br />
<h2>
<a href="http://paisdequatro.blogs.sapo.pt/resposta-errada-meu-menino-237586">Resposta errada, Do meu Pepino o breve </a></h2>
<div class="assinatura">
por Tavares Rico ou com quem o sustente às 10 da matina </div>
<div class="posttext">
Devo dizer que este tipo é um Sádico ou sofre de atrasos vários ou é muito triste ou tem um sentido de humor muito muito peculiar e há muito tempo que não se ria tanto:<br />
eis um conjunto de
respostas ou serão perguntas?<br />
questionando a inexistência de problemas com soluções únicas e repetitivas?<br />
<br />
originalíssimas de miúdos americanos, alguns dos quais aparentemente com conceitos de física bastante mais avançadas do que as do autor<br />
que provavelmente não consegue responder à maioria se não a todas as questões<br />
<br />
a propósito das mais
Avariadas perguntas académicas porquê Académicas são exaradas ou azaradas numa academia? podem perfeitamente vir ou virem-se dum observatório do risco ao meio<br />
<br />
(outras extraordinárias originalidades
podem ser encontradas aqui? aqui onde?estás adonde meu e aqui fica onde? é nesta imprecisão quântica que labora o mundo ).<br />
Devíamos acha o Meco fazer isto o quê? não sabe provavelmente para Portugal -<br />
<br />
MAS INDICA QUE se HOUVER ALGUM algum professor É EXAGERADO CHAMAR A GENTE DESSA PROFESSORES COMO A BESTA QUE NÃO SABIA ENSINAR HISTÓRIA E PORTANTO TINHA ALUNOS QUE A NÃO QUERIAM APRENDER E PUBLICAVAM O QUE QUER QUE FOSSE NAS FOLHAS DO TESTE QUE NADA TESTA<br />
E O MECO PEDE A QUEM TENHA ESPÍRITO PIDESCO E GOSTE DE GOZAR COM OS PUTOS QUE É PAGO PARA ENSINAR QUE SE quiser mandar
exemplares deste calibre, eu agradeço e publico (sem identificar os
prevaricadores, claro).<br />
OU SEJA O BRUTUS CRAVA O PUNHAL NO PIOR DU CRATUS<br />
E INDA SE GABA DE PUBLICAR OS ERROS DOS FILHOS QUE PODIAM SER OS DELE<br />
<br />
E SE CALHAR ATÉ SÃO <br />
<br />
Como não sei se ainda há gente por aí que não percebe inglês, para esses eu ajudo na tradução.<br />
OU SEJA MAIS UM TRADITOR DO INGLÊS TECHNO<br />
RESUMINDO SOCRATES CU RUPTORES DA JUVENTUS DE ATHENAS HÁ MUITOS....<br />
Ora cá vai: CÁ VAI O QUÊ<br />
SEI LÁ VEJA OCÊ<br />
<br />
<br />
1. "Onde é que foi assinada a Declaração da Independência Americana?"
"No fundo", claro. É difícil negar a veracidade da resposta. E A RESPOSTA CORRECTA OU CU RETA É<br />
NO PAPEL ? EM PERGAMINHO? NUMA DAS XIII COLÓNIAS<br />
NUMA CIDADE? NUM EDIFÍCIO? NUM DADO MOMENTO DO CONTÍNUO ESPACIO TEMPORALIS? <br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a class="saportelink" href="http://c8.quickcachr.fotos.sapo.pt/i/oa9157acf/16795878_Oj49z.jpeg"><img alt="" src="http://c7.quickcachr.fotos.sapo.pt/i/B38157a7c/16795878_zCKgb.jpeg" style="border: 0 none;" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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2. Como t'AS VARUS QUINTILI VARE LEGIONES REDDE TEM um bocado de humor negro,
achA que esta é a SUA favorita: "Faz um desenho de como tu estará SE BEM LOOK NÃO IMPLIQUE ESTAR MAS ENFIM
daqui a 100 anos." E vai daí, o Warren decidiu desenhar uma pedra ? PODE SER É UMA INTERPRETAÇÃO </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
WARREN PODE SER UMA PEDRA</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a class="saportelink" href="http://c9.quickcachr.fotos.sapo.pt/i/o8616bb8c/16795870_Ws3HC.jpeg"><img alt="" src="http://c1.quickcachr.fotos.sapo.pt/i/B941578a4/16795870_WJony.jpeg" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
3. "A Miranda não consegue ver nada quando
espreita pelo seu microscópio. Sugere uma razão." Escreve o miúdo: "Ela é
cega." Gosto do <em>fairplay</em> ? ISSO COME-SE? SE CALHAR NUM TEM TRADUÇÃO da professora: "Boa tentativa!"</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a class="saportelink" href="http://c5.quickcachr.fotos.sapo.pt/i/of11522ad/16795872_osT0Q.jpeg"><img alt="" src="http://c7.quickcachr.fotos.sapo.pt/i/B5815c2f1/16795872_gaFYz.jpeg" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
4. "As ténias são hermafroditas. O que significa o termo 'hermafrodita'?" Resposta: Lady Gaga.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
SERÃO HERMAFRODITAS OU ORGANISMOS COLONIAIS?</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
TÁS NO VIR NUM SABE</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Because each proglottid contains the male and female reproductive
structures, they can reproduce independently. Some biologists have
suggested that each should not be considered a single organism, and that
the tapeworm is actually a colony of proglottids. </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a class="saportelink" href="http://c7.quickcachr.fotos.sapo.pt/i/oa915ae89/16795874_yCcVa.jpeg"><img alt="" src="http://c5.quickcachr.fotos.sapo.pt/i/B0c16d210/16795874_6l5C7.jpeg" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
5. Esta também é das minhas preferidas (e
funciona em português): "Para converter centímetros em metros tu tens
de...?" Resposta: "Tirar o centí." TÁ VARE GIVE ME BACK MY LEGIONS dava a nota máxima a isto.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a class="saportelink" href="http://c8.quickcachr.fotos.sapo.pt/i/oa115e2c0/16795875_T7KUt.jpeg"><img alt="" src="http://c5.quickcachr.fotos.sapo.pt/i/Bbe16eaec/16795875_CeZ1k.jpeg" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
6. "A água dos oceanos armazena muita
energia térmica.....HEAT ....CALOR MAS PORQUE NÃO DAR A PERCEBER QUE ANDOU UM ANO E MEIO NO IST E PODIA SER O TAL engenheiro desenhou um navio capaz de extrair
energia das águas a 10ºC 283,4 KELVIN TEM UM ERRO DECIMAL e expelir energia para a atmosfera a 20ºC. Ele
pensava que tinha tido uma boa ideia, mas o patrão despediu-o. Explica
porquê." O aluno, embora certamente já com idade para ter juízo, deu a
famosa explicação Leonardo Jardim-Olympiakos? JARDIM? BOLAS SOMOS MESMO GREGOS PELO MENOS VOCÊS DOIS SÃO : "Porque ele dormiu com a
mulher do patrão." </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a class="saportelink" href="http://c9.quickcachr.fotos.sapo.pt/i/o251587ce/16795876_7wupM.jpeg"><img alt="" src="http://c5.quickcachr.fotos.sapo.pt/i/B7a157a7c/16795876_Iam5d.jpeg" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
7. Esta poderia aplicar-se cá.....SINCERAMENTE A ABATER A AUTO-ESTIMA DOS PUTOS SÓ PRA DIZER QUE TEM UM PIANO EM CASA? INDA SE FOSSE UM AUDI DOS DO PASSOS COELHO, e
com resposta semelhante, mas vindo da boca do próprio Tony (que se chama
Carolina). "Causa: Tony pratica 20 minutos de piano todos os dias.
Efeito... Ele é um grande nerd?</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
NEVRÓTICO EDIPIANO (OU ELECTRIANO INVERTIDO SE NUM FOR BENFIQUISTA) RECONHECIDAMENTE DETERMINADO? BOLAS ISTO ANDA SEMPRE À VOLTA DE SOCRATES? QUE TARA </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
A GREAT HERD...<span class="st">maek a <em>herd</em>, with a rp. So, I want this <em>herd</em> to be BIG</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a class="saportelink" href="http://c3.quickcachr.fotos.sapo.pt/i/o5c15a76d/16795877_Ud0i3.jpeg"><img alt="" src="http://c6.quickcachr.fotos.sapo.pt/i/B10154dfb/16795877_ZsIr2.jpeg" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
8. Pontos extras por ser uma resposta
fofinha: "O diagrama em baixo ilustra melhor..." Hipótese e),
acrescentada pelo aluno OU ALUNA GAJOS BARBUDOS SUNT SEXISTAS PACA: "As girafas são animais sem coração."SÃO CRIATURAS COM CREADOR </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
ANIMAL SERÁ BOCEMECÊ DIRIA ALGUÉM OU ALGUMA CRIATURA</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
OU SE CALHAR VEGETAL </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a class="saportelink" href="http://c3.quickcachr.fotos.sapo.pt/i/oc715f4d7/16795871_A09YE.jpeg"><img alt="" src="http://c6.quickcachr.fotos.sapo.pt/i/Bf3155a12/16795871_KLJW8.jpeg" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
9. Gosto particularmente desta, porque com
grande frequência me apetece responder exactamente isto nos trabalhos de
casa do Tomás É UM LINDO NOME INFELIZMENTE SEM ACENTO FICA TOMAS OU NÃO TOMAS O QUE INDICIA UM TÍTULO DE CÂMPEÃO DE BOX OFFICE PRÓ PUTO OU MUITAS PLÁSTICAS FUTURAS</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
INDICA QUE FAZIA OS TRABALHOS DE CASA PELO AMÉRICO TOMÁS "A diferença entre 180 e 158 é... 22." O que está
correcto. Mas depois lá vem a pergunta mais irritante de todas: "Explica
como chegaste a essa resposta." Responde o miúdo: "Matemática." Bravo! É
que é mesmo isso. NON CÁLCULO MENTAL QUE É A CAPACIDADE DE REALIZAR ABSTRAÇÕES COM PESSOAS </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
ISTO SÃO PESSOAS </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
NÃO SÃO NÚMEROS </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a class="saportelink" href="http://c1.quickcachr.fotos.sapo.pt/i/o3316fab9/16795879_GVQE1.jpeg"><img alt="" src="http://c4.quickcachr.fotos.sapo.pt/i/Bb5155aec/16795879_HUouV.jpeg" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
10. Ups, esta dispensa tradução.....PRONTO ESTE TAMBÉM FEZ INGLÊS TECHNO AO DOMINGO NO SEMINÁRIO</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a class="saportelink" href="http://c2.quickcachr.fotos.sapo.pt/i/o6016d86e/16795880_TIQ84.jpeg"><img alt="" src="http://c7.quickcachr.fotos.sapo.pt/i/Be4156485/16795880_vEcfq.jpeg" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
11. Adoro: "Encontra x." Aluno: "Aqui está ele." FIND THE VALUE RELATED TO X</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
É UM PROBLEMA DA QUESTÃO</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
SE O COMPRIMENTO DA VIRTUALIDADE CONHECIDA POR HIPO CON TUSA OU MAIS COMMUMENTE HIPOTENUSA É DADO POR X E SE CONVENCIONA QUE NO UNIVERSO BIDIMENSIONAL EUCLIDEANO A MECÂNICA DA GEOMETRIA DO ARQUIMEDES DE SERVIÇO PERGUNTA : AFINAL MEDES QUANTO?</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a class="saportelink" href="http://c9.quickcachr.fotos.sapo.pt/i/o99154a45/16795881_ztnCb.jpeg"><img alt="" src="http://c8.quickcachr.fotos.sapo.pt/i/B8815ad93/16795881_W0ysI.jpeg" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
12. Jerónimo de Sousa ficaria muito
orgulhoso desta resposta. O PCP tem de encontrar este miúdo americano
(até porque, sendo americano, convém tirá-lo de lá UMA VEZ QUE SE CHUMBAR REPETIDAMENTE THE 7TH GRADE COMO OS NOSSOS VAI PASSAR O RESTO DA VIDA A ABRIR E FECHAR PORTAS AOS TAVARES RICOS E A CHAMAR-LHES SÔR DOCTOR): "Alguns átomos
partilham electrões, tornando-se E TORNAM-SE mais estáveis. Descreve uma situação em
que as pessoas partilhem algo com benefícios para todos." Resposta:
"Comunismo."</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
CAPITALISMO TINHA SIDO UMA RESPOSTA PARVA EM 99.99% DOS UNIVERSOS POSSÍVEIS OU IMPOSSÍVEIS </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a class="saportelink" href="http://c10.quickcachr.fotos.sapo.pt/i/oa115a335/16795882_0EDZY.jpeg"><img alt="" src="http://c1.quickcachr.fotos.sapo.pt/i/Bdc16f37d/16795882_ZjeUJ.jpeg" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
13. "Como é que nós chamamos à ciência que classifica os COISAS VIVAS LIVING THINGS </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
seres vivos SERIA OUTRA PALAVRA LIKE _____________?" Resposta: "Racismo.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
ANTROPOMEGALOMANIA?</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
PICUINHOLOGIA?</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
E SERES MORTOS? </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a class="saportelink" href="http://c9.quickcachr.fotos.sapo.pt/i/obe16a420/16795883_FdzEu.jpeg"><img alt="" src="http://c8.quickcachr.fotos.sapo.pt/i/B64154a26/16795883_HV3sZ.jpeg" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
14. Esta também é óptima, até porque os
caracteres CHAMAM-SE IDEOGRAMAS? CARÁCTER É OUTRA COUSA NÉ? parecem mesmo chineses.ASSUME NÃO SABER DISTINGUI-LOS E PORTANTO É UM ILETRADO FICANDO ABAIXO DOS 7000 IDEOGRAMAS CULTURAIS "Assume que és um imigrante chinês em
1870 e escreve uma carta PARA CASA LETTER HOME a descrever a tua experiência.YOUR EXPERIENCES PLURAL </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
ALÉM DO TERMO YOUR ....MAS ENFIM PUTO TU É QUE TIVESTES ANGLO-SEXON ERGO </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a class="saportelink" href="http://c3.quickcachr.fotos.sapo.pt/i/o4f167157/16795884_LFkBp.jpeg"><img alt="" src="http://c3.quickcachr.fotos.sapo.pt/i/Bdf169b42/16795884_ID9iU.jpeg" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
15. Uma das resposta mais originais de
sempre, e que pena tenho de nunca me ter lembrado de a dar quando andava
a estudar no Técnico? NÃO SE PERCEBE ANDASTE ANO E MEIO E ATÉ ESTUDASTE? . A pergunta ? HÁ PERGUNTA PARECE MAIS UM TERMO EXPAND.....EXPAND WHAT? pede ? ONDE? para expandir a equação?E o
aluno expandiu...O ALUNO EXPANDIU-SE? OU O UNIVERSO DO ALUNO ENCOLHEU?</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<a class="saportelink" href="http://c10.quickcachr.fotos.sapo.pt/i/o5d16ad16/16795885_uY3bp.jpeg"><img alt="" src="http://c1.quickcachr.fotos.sapo.pt/i/B9a1566ef/16795885_HqElW.jpeg" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></a><br />
</div>
<div class="sapo_widgets_post">
</div>
<h3>
Autoria e outros dados (tags, etc)</h3>
<div class="tags">
CURIOSIDADES....ESTA GENTE NÃO TRABALHA?</div>
publicado às 10:07Banda in barbarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09573682791396956162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7762351538927877855.post-76524948217475078592014-03-16T14:31:00.000-07:002014-03-16T14:48:38.015-07:00THE ARKSTORM U,K. 2014 - UNITED KINGDOM UNDER THE FIRST ARKSTORM SINCE ANCIENT TIMES OR PERHAPS HISTORIC TIMES? THE SCIENCE DOES NOT TRY TO DESCRIBE THE FUTURE ONLY SOME MAD MEN TRY TO DEFINE THE POSSIBLE FUTURES OF CRIME IN CRIMEAN VERY MEAN WARS THE ECONOMIC ARKSTORM IS JUST AROUND THE CORNER<br />
<br />
BUT IN GEOLOGIC TIME THE CORNER IS A BIG ONE<br />
<br />
<span id="bc_0_57b+seedKqFHD" kind="d">BEFORE roentgen nobody ever
predicted or had ever imagined that rays could travel through solid
matter, but sociologic points of view aboute hive minds and prognostics
about economic futures are false<br /><br />economics is a chaotic science and feeds with fear <br /><br />the
believers in economic boundaries whitin which possible crush, crash,
and bubbles of cash</span><br />
<span id="bc_0_57b+seedKqFHD" kind="d"> must lie or rise like Lazarus.....are ....what is the
word? </span><br />
<br />
<span id="bc_0_57b+seedKqFHD" kind="d">CArago um Soares ou um Socrates pra ser messias nesta época tem de ser mais louco que os loucos especializados né....</span><br />
<br />
<br />
THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE DON'T HAVE A GRADUAL EVOLUTION<br />
<br />
BUT RATHER A PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM OR EQUILIBRIA<br />
<br />
BETWEEN SEVERAL IDEAS FROM IDIOTS THAT ARE PURE GENIUS<br />
<br />
PURE WITH A BIT OF AL KOHOL<br />
<br />
ROGER THE BACON OF SCIENCE<br />
<br />
BELIEVE IN FUTURES THAT HAVE MAGICAL INSTRUMENTS<br />
<br />
MADE BY PEOPLE THAT HAVE LARGE SHIPS AND ONLY ONE MAN GUIDING THEM<br />
<br />
WILL BE CARRIED WITH BIGGER VELOCITY THAN IF THEY WERE FULL OF SAILORS<br />
<br />
CHARIOTS WITHOUT THE HELP OF ANIMALS<br />
<br />
ARTIFITIAL WINGS<br />
<br />
MACHINES THAT ENABLE MEN TO WALK IN THE BOTTOM OF THE SEAS<br />
<br />
AND LOTS OF IMPOSSIBLE AND CRAZY THINGS IN 1280 OR IN 1292<br />
<br />
ROGER BACON IS A OLD OLD MAN ....E TAL COMO SOARES PREVIA COUSAS DOUDAS<br />
<br />
NÃO PREVIU O PÁSSARO DOUDO OU DODO....<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Comte BELIEVE THAT STAR'S ARE ONLY USEFUL REFERENCE POINTS<br />
<br />
left Saint-Simon, again because of unbridgeable differences.<br />
<br />
Comte published a <i>Plan de travaux scientifiques nécessaires pour réorganiser la société</i> (1822)<br />
(<i>Plan of scientific studies necessary for the reorganization of society</i>).<br />
<br />
But he failed to REORGANIZE IS LIFE AND get an academic post.<br />
His day-to-day life IS NOT AT ALL ORGANIZATED AND depended on
sponsors and financial help from friends.<br />
Debates rage as to how much
Comte appropriated the work of Saint-Simon.....AND THE WORK OF SAINT-SIMON MUST LIE SOMEWHERE IN THE WORK OF COMTE <br />
<br />
IN 1832 (MEN HAVE NOTHING TO SAY ABOUT THE NATURE OF THE STARS) ....COMTE DEFINES THE BOUNDARIES OF SCIENCE - THE SOLAR SYSTEM<br />
<br />
IN 1895 THE ROENTGEN DISCOVERY TRAZ UM MUNDO DE INCERTEZAS<br />
<br />
COMO PODE ALGO ATRAVESSAR MATÉRIA SÓLIDA APARENTEMENTE<br />
<br />
VIVEMOS NUM TECIDO UNIVERSAL MUITO ESBURACADO<br />
<br />
<br />
SCIENCE AND THE FUTURE OF SCIENCE IS FULL OF HOLES YET STILL HOLDS....<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Banda in barbarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09573682791396956162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7762351538927877855.post-48688453278958227032014-03-14T11:54:00.000-07:002014-03-14T11:54:19.894-07:00THE GROWTH AND MULTIPLICATION OF WHISPER MEN - THE XXI CENTURY FOX IS AN APPROPRIATE ENVIRONMENT FOR THE GROWTH OF WHISPER MEN ( LACK OF NUTRIENTS, LACK OF DRINKING WATER, EXTREME TEMPERATURE OSCILATION AND LACK OF FIDUCIAL CURRENCY IN UKRAINE IN SYRIA IN ,,,,,LOTS OF VENEZUELAN PLACES) THIS BY ITSELF PRODUCES LESIONS AND ULCERS THROUGHOUT THE BODY OF THE GLOBAL STATE - AND THE 1% MERGE INTO LARGE 99,9% LIKE IN 1789 1917 UND SO WEITER<span id="bc_0_56b+seedHe0VD" kind="d">Do you hear the Whisper Men? The Whisper Men are near.<br />If you hear the Whisper Men then turn away your ear.<br />Do not hear the Whisper Men, whatever else you do.<br />For once you've heard the Whisper Men they'll stop. And look at you. <br /><br />this kind of magical weapons are more effective to control the 99,9%<br />in Turkey or in Syria or in the Crimean Wars from XXI century fox <br /><br />with people armies they are defective<br /> they kill the !% that they shoukd protect <br />Kadhafi or gadafi or Ceausescu or Siade-Barre well they fail to kill Siade but they don't have the appropriate environment <br /><br />in
september 74 a heavy armored group of people kill about 2 to 5 thousand
people in the suburbia of Maputo in Mozambique some days later about 5
thousand suburban guys with Katana's not kitanas ok ...dai.katana in jap<br /><br />make a run in the center of the town <br />and 50 thousand armed men .....just fled<br />well some die or burn ,,,,<br />5 thousand against a city with 200 thousand with 50 thousand automatic gun's and several tanks,,,,<br />and the imperial or colonial system collapsed in one single day</span>Banda in barbarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09573682791396956162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7762351538927877855.post-12338318571704043442014-02-10T16:40:00.000-07:002014-02-10T16:40:40.337-07:00THE HALF-LIFE OF DEMOCRACYDEMOCRACY IS A MIMETIC AntiemetiC<br />
<br />
AGAINST dopaminergic blocking agent'SS—VULGUS GESTAPO<br />
PEVIDE PIDE KGB STASI CIA...<br />
<br />
<b>Indications</b> ....FOR ALL GREAT OR SMALL<br />
<br />
<b>Accepted</b><br />
<br />
LOTS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT , chronic and subacute COLONIALISM AND NEOCOLONIALISM OR HELP THE FAMISHED ROAD PEOPLE —DEMOCRACY is indicated for
treating symptoms associated with upper CLASS WITHOUT LOWER CLASS motility<br />
disorders caused by chronic and subacute ECONOMIC TSUNAMI<br />
<br />
(treatment)—DEMOCRACY IN EXCESS CAN YES WE CAN CAUSE LOTS OF diabetic'S AND FAT PEOPLE..
<br />
<b>Physicochemical characteristics:</b> DEMOCRACY OVERDOSAGE CAN YES WE CAN<br />
<br />
CAUSE PARANOID SYMPTOMS AND FOETAL DEATH BY LACK OF VOTE BY FOETUS OR FETUSES IS THE SAME NONHUMAN OR INHUMAM ENTITY<br />
<br />
DEMOCRACY HAVE LOTS OF OLDIE'S AND COMO DIZ SOARES GAROTOS DE 50 ANOS..<br />
<br />
DEMOCRACY ARE RELATED WITH LONG TRANSIT TIME AND A EMPTYING DEMOGRAPHY <br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Chemical group—</b><br />
DEMOCRACY is structurally related to butyrophenones<br />
<br />
<b>Mechanism of action/Effect:</b><br />
<br />DEMOCRACY IS BY ITSELF A DEMOCRACY blocking agent—UNDER pressure DEMOCRACY CRUSH THE INNER DEMOCRACY....
at the gastric level.<sup> MOB'S WITHOUT FOOD OR FUNTIONAL BILL OF RIGHTS......</sup><br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Other actions/effects:</b><br />
<br />
DEMOCRACY elevates concentrations OF MORONS A ANTI-DEMOCRACY AGENT OR PARTICLE UMA SHIT DESSAS.<br />
<br />
<b>Absorption OF DEMOCRACY:</b><br />
<br />
Rapid<sup> </sup>BY GUT AND BY ANAL AND BY GOD WE TRUST THE TRUSTS <br />
<br />
<b>Distribution:</b><br />
<br />Low concentrations of dEMOCRACY are found in INDIA BRASIL RUSSIA
<br />Does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier DEMOCRACY IS A NON BRAINER I-DEI-A
<br />
<b> </b><br />
<b>Protein binding:</b><br />
<br />
Very high TILL NOW DEMOCRACY HAVE LOTS OF PROTEIN'S (91% to 93% )<sup>BUT CHINA HAVE A HIGHER GROUND FOR PROTEIN BINDING IN THE XXI CENTURY FOX </sup><br />
<br />
<b>Biotransformation:</b><br />
<br />
DEMOCRACY undergoes first-pass metabolism TO CORPORATISM CAPITALISM SAUVAGE UND SO WEITER.<br />
Through
hydroxylation and oxidative N-dealkylation, DEMOCRACY is metabolized
to hydroxydom PERIGNON FASCISMUS OR DON CORLEONE MUSSOLINISMUS and 2,3-dihydro-2-<sup>NATIONAL SOCIALISM OR SOCIALISMUS</sup><br />
<br />
<b>Half-life:</b><br />
<br />
Elimination OF DEMOCRACY —40 TO 100 YEARS after single oral and intramuscular administrationBanda in barbarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09573682791396956162noreply@blogger.com0